1. Gabriel Performance Products
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins
GPE Series
Product Technology, Curatives & Applications

2. Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
GPE Series
Outline
Technology
Features/Benefits - Value
Products
Activators/Hardeners
Markets/Applications

3. Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Technology

4. CER Technology
CERs - Different from Standard Bisphenol-A Epoxy Resins like DER 331, EPON 828
Standard Epoxy resins made from Epichlorohydrin and Bisphenol-A
CERs are made by oxidation of Cyclo Olefins with Peracetic Acid
Different from other cycloaliphatic epoxy resins like Glycidyl Esters of Pthalic Acids (Huntsman CY 184) and Hydrogenated Bis A Epoxy Resins (CVC Epalloy 5000 and Hexion Epon 1110)

5. Technology Standard Epoxy Resin :
Epichlorohydrin + Bisphenol-A  Std. Epoxy Resin
(DER 331, EPON 828)
Epichlorohydrin
Bisphenol-A

6. Technology Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin :
Cyclo Olefin + Peracetic Acid  GPE-221
GPE-221
Cyclo Olefin
Peracetic Acid

7. Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Features/Benefits -
Value Proposition

8. Feature/Benefits - Value
Aliphatic Backbone – Excellent UV Stability
Saturated Cyclic Ring – Good Weatherability and Excellent Electrical Properties
High Epoxide Content  High Crosslink Density  High Tg and Heat Distortion Temp. (HDT)
No Epichlorohydrin  No Hydrolysable Chorine  Low Dielectric Constant  Excellent Arc-Track Resistance

9. Feature/Benefits - Value
Short Chain – Low Viscosity  350cp of GPE- 221 vs cp Std Epoxy Resin  Easy to handle and enable VOC Free or Low VOC Formulations
When combined with Polyols, result in Good Combination of Toughness and Heat-Distortion Temperature Properties
No Epichlorohydrin  Low Potential for Skin Sensitization
Offer latitude to formulate 1K or 2K Products

10. Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
GPE Products

11. GPE Series - Products
GPE-221 : Standard, General Purpose Use Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to ERL-4221 (Cyracure UVR-6110)
GPE-226 : Distilled, Low Ionic Content and Low Viscosity Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to ERL-4221D (Cyracure UVR-6105)
GPE-228 : Flexible Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to ERL-4299 (Cyracure UVR-6128)
ERL & UVR from Dow Chemical - Discontd.

12. GPE Series - Properties
Property\Product
GPE-221
GPE-226
GPE-228
Appearance
Colorless to Pale Yellow Liquid
Color (Pt-Co)
100 max
50 max
150 max
Viscosity, cP
EEW
Moisture (wt%)
<0.05

13. Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Activators/Hardeners

14. Activators/Hardeners
Anhydrides
Polyacids
UV Cationic Cure Catalysts
Not ‘Amines’ or ‘Polyamides’

15. Activators/Hardeners
Anhydrides
2K Thermal Cure OR Heat Cure
Requires Heat to Cure
HHPA (Hexa HydroPthalic Anhydide), MTHPA, NMA
Typical Cure Cycle – oC oC
Cure Cycles vary with different Anhydrides

16. Activators/Hardeners
Anhydride Cured CERs
Excellent High Temperature Performance
Tg : 150 – 200oC
High Mechanical Properties - Flexural Strength, Compressive Strength
Excellent Dielectric Properties
Superior Arc, Corona and Tracking Resistance
Eg: Fiber Reinforced Composites

17. Activators/Hardeners
Polyacids
2K Ambient Cure
Acid Functional Polyesters, Carboxylic Acids, Pthalic Acids
Slow Reaction Rates
Takes several days to cure
Less Common in Use

18. Activators/Hardeners
UV Cationic Cure Catalysts
Cationic Photoinitiators
“Aryl Sulfonium” and “Aryl Iodonium” Salts
Activated by UV Light  Generate a Super Acid
Super Acid catalyzes epoxy polymerization
Rapid Cure Rates, in some cases Instant

19. Activators/Hardeners
UV Cationic Cure Catalysts
Alternate technology to Free Radical Polymerization of Acrylates
Low Shrinkage – up to 5%, compared to Acrylate Shrinkage of %
Excellent Adhesion
Low Viscosity  Low or No VOCs
Low Capital and Operating Costs
Excellent Hardness and Flexibility

20. Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Markets/Applications

21. Value to the Market
CERs have Excellent UV and Weatherability, Low Viscosity, High Temperature Performance, Excellent Electrical Properties and other…….But
Complex Mfg Process
High Product Costs
$ /lb vs $1 – 2/lb of Standard Epoxy Resin
Used in High Performance Requirement Markets/Applications

22. Markets/Applications
ANHYDRIDE
CURE
Fiber Reinforced Composites
Low Viscosity – Good Fiber Wet-out
Filament Winding, Pultrusion, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)
Tg in the range of 200oC – High Temperature Performance
Eg: Aerial Booms, Antennas, Composites for Electrical and Electronic Applications

23. Markets/Applications
Electric Insulators
Ceramic or Porcelain Replacements
Bushings, Electric Insulators, Switch Gear Parts in transmission and distribution of electric power
Excellent UV Resistance and Carbon Tracking
Lighter Weight & Greater Impact Resistance
Complex Shapes, Reduced Maintenance 2K
ANHYDRIDE
CURE

24. Markets/Applications
ANHYDRIDE
CURE
Encapsulants & Potting Compounds
Transformers, Electric Coils
Low Dielectric Loss
High Electrical Resistivity
Low Viscosity – Good Penetration
Excellent UV Resistance – LEDs and Optoelectronics
Excellent Thermal Shock Resistance with Polyols

25. Markets/Applications
Coatings, Inks and Laminating Adhesives
Rapid Cure  Low Down Time
Low or No VOC, No odor
Excellent Adhesion to wide variety of substrates: steel, aluminum, polymer films
Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility
Eg: Flexo Printing, Laminating Adhesives 1K UV
CURE

26. Markets/Applications
Packaging – Overprint Varnishes
Rigid Packaging - Steel & Aluminum Can Coatings (Beer & Beverages)
Rapid Cure Rates
Low or No VOC
No Odor
Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility
Retortable and Pasteurizable 1K UV
CURE

27. Markets/Applications
Packaging – Overprint Varnishes
Flexible Packaging: plastic tubes, films, paper
Excellent Adhesion to wide variety of substrates
Various Polymers: PET, PE, HDPE, PS, Polyester
No Odor, Fast Drying
Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility 1K UV
CURE

28. Markets/Applications
Acid Scavenger - Stabilizer
CERs react with both organic and mineral acids
Use to remove or stabilize Acids in Systems
Eg: Transformer Fluids
Lubricating Oils and Hydraulic Fluids 1K
ADDITIVE

29. Markets/Applications
Acid Scavenger - Stabilizer
Vinyl Inks and Coatings
Dielectric Fluids in Electrostatic Capacitators
Flame Retardant Coatings
PVC and Polyester Resins 1K
ADDITIVE

30. Markets/Applications
Other Uses:
Modifier for Std Epoxy Resins, Viscosity Reduction, Performance Enhancement
Waterborne – Stable Anionic Dispersions
Chemical Intermediates – to make alkyd coating resins 1K
ADDITIVE