3. A fast growing problem

4. How can we stop SHB spread? Entrance Reducers Honey bee stock

5. Hood, M. 2004. Bee World 51-59. Do entrance reducers affect SHB invasion? Ellis, J. et al. 2003. J. Econ. Entomol. 1647-1652.

6. Timeline of Measurements Recorded # SHB, # frames adult bees, # frames brood & removed all SHB Introduced entrance reducers in half of the colonies and removed all SHB in all colonies Made uniform packages

7. Colonies with entrance reducers 9 Italian colonies 9 Russian colonies

8. Colonies with regular entrances 9 Italian colonies 8 Russian colonies

9. Do entrance reducers affect SHB invasion? No overall effect, p=0.1596

10. Do entrance reducers affect SHB invasion? p=0.5381p=0.1994p=0.1308p=0.4435

11. What about other colony factors? p=0.3847p=0.5591

12. Does honey bee stock affect SHB invasion? Overall effect, p=0.0176

13. Does honey bee stock affect SHB invasion? p=0.0255p=0.3204p=0.0280p=0.0207

14. p=0.2708p=0.9257 What about other colony factors?

15. What do we know at this point?  Entrance reducers  Honey bee stock

16. Continuing research