1. March 13, 2007 DRILL Architecture Styles and Vocabulary QUIZ tomorrow
Construction QUIZ on Wednesday

2. Architecture Styles Video
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Architecture Styles Video
Identify 1 person/thing associated with the time period of each style covered

3. U2-L3
Structural Forces
Methods of counteracting lateral loads:

4. U2-L3
Strength of Materials
Deflection – bending that results from both tension and compression acting on a member at the same time.
Vertical
Horizontal

5. U2-L3
Strength of Materials
Deflection – bending that results from both tension and compression acting on a member at the same time.
No deflection

6. U2-L3
Foundations
Methods and materials vary across the country, but the basic principles of foundation construction are the same.

7. Foundations Every structure needs a foundation:
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Foundations
Every structure needs a foundation:
Provides a level and uniformly distributed support.
Prevents walls from cracking
Prevents doors and windows from sticking
Prevents cold air and dampness from entering
Waterproof basements
Form supporting walls for the basement

8. Materials and Components
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Materials and Components
Bearing Surface
The area under a foundation (soil)
Must be capable of bearing the load
Concrete
A combination of cement (clay and limestone), water, stone aggregate, and chemicals that improve strength or workability.
Strong compression strength
Decay-proof

9. Materials and Components
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Materials and Components
Concrete Block – commonly referred to as cinderblock
Reinforcing Bars (Rebars)
Concrete resists compression well
To resist tension, steel bars add reinforcement

10. Materials and Components
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Materials and Components
Wire Mesh
Steel-welded mesh is used in slabs in place of rebar
Rebar
Wire
Mesh

11. Materials and Components
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Materials and Components
Rebar and Wire Mesh
Rebar
Wire
Mesh

12. Materials and Components
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Materials and Components
Footings (or footers)
Bases of foundations and foundation walls
Concrete – firm contact with supporting soil, decay-proof, withstand heavy weights
2 types:
Continuous – extend under walls and around perimeter
Individual – support vertical structural members only

13. Types of Foundations 1. T-Foundation 2. Slab Foundation
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Types of Foundations
1. T-Foundation
2. Slab Foundation
3. Pier-and-Column
4. Permanent Wood
A footing and a wall: poured concrete or concrete block
Necessary in structures with basements
Prepared by:
Pouring the footing into an excavated trench
Leveling the top of the footing
Erecting a concrete block or masonry wall on top of footing

14. Types of Foundations 1. T-Foundation
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Types of Foundations
1. T-Foundation
Materials used in the construction of foundation walls
Concrete, Stone, Brick, Concrete Block
Construction of a basement

15. Types of Foundations 2. Slab Foundation Made of reinforced concrete
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Types of Foundations
2. Slab Foundation
Made of reinforced concrete
Two types:
Monolithic (one stone)
Slab Floor and footing are poured as 1 piece
Two-piece
Footings poured separately from the floor slabs

16. U2-L3
Types of Foundations
2. Slab Foundation

17. 3. Pier-and-Column Foundations
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Types of Foundations
3. Pier-and-Column Foundations
Individual footings (piers)
Sloped or Stepped
Spread load of structure with minimal added volume
Posts and columns placed upon footings
Vertical members support girders and beams
Posts – short and usually made of wood
Columns – long and usually made of masonry
Used alone or in conjunction with foundation walls
Fewer materials and less labor needed
Seldom used in basements – occupy needed space

18. 3. Pier-and-Column Foundations
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Types of Foundations
3. Pier-and-Column Foundations
Piles – Piers driven into soil or bedrock without separate footing

19. 4. Permanent Wood Foundations
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Types of Foundations
4. Permanent Wood Foundations
Constructed solely of wood
Pressure-treated with wood preservatives
Permanently protects the foundation from fungi, termites, and other causes of decay
Highly stress resistant
2 advantages
Absorbs and distributes what frequently cracks other foundations
Prevents moisture problems typical of basements

20. 4. Permanent Wood Foundations
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Types of Foundations
4. Permanent Wood Foundations