1. What are the most recent irrigation methods/strategies saving water and energy in our area? Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata

2. MAP Introduction Metadata Bibliography Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata Irrigation methods Strategies for saving water Strategies of energy savings less favorable more favorable in agriculture in the house

3. Introduction Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata Water is a renewable resource at the base of all life forms. Naturally present in large quantities, either in liquid form (seas, rivers and lakes cover about 73% of Earth's surface) and solid (polar ice caps, glaciers, snowfields in), and the state of steam into the atmosphere. Water is essential to mankind in its multiple uses: domestic, agricultural, industrial.

4. Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata Irrigation methods Less favorable: 1) In the past agriculture was used to irrigate the fields the method of irrigation submersion. This method was to flood the fields with a lot of water, it was not very advantageous because needed a large amount of water, of which the majority was dispersed in the ground and was evaporated by the sun and thus was not used by plants. 2) Method by sprinkling or rain. This method consists of administering water the plants thanks to equipment as ali piovane, "rotoloni" with sprinklers that using the pressure, or created by the force of the water as the water comes down in the pipes that start from dams or by the action of mechanical pumps that are located in close proximity to lakes and rivers, are able to simulate a rain that falls on the ground slowly able to cover a large area. It thus enabled to make use of a smaller amount of water, avoid major works to prepare the ground and in in order to to waste a lot because the ground was unable to absorb it better.

5. Irrigation methods Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata More favorable: 1) A very advantageous method is to drip irrigation. This method consists in a localized irrigation, it is applied through the use of tubes politilene fitted with micropores disposed on the row of the crop so that each hole is aligned with a plant. The water thanks to a small pressure out of the holes in the form of small droplets which then fall on the ground. With this method, we need a lesser amount of water and less waste because in doing so the water is administered right on the seedling thus allowing it to absorb it all. 2) A new method much more advantageous but little used is that of the subsurface. This system always uses perforated pipes but instead of leaving them on the ground are buried beneath the row of seedlings. This method is the most advantageous because in addition to using a little water not being wasted because it does not expose the under ground water evaporating action of the sun so the plant can absorb it and use it all.

6. Strategies for saving water Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata In agriculture: The strategies for a good water-saving are: use a proper system of irrigation by choosing from those listed above, provide water at appropriate times using the tools able to provide useful data for the most opportune time as the tensiometer *, and use water stored. * Tensiometers are sensors of soil moisture and is able to show the strength that must employ a plant to extract water from the ground. The tensiometer is an instrument for measuring the force with which the water is drawn into the ground. The tool, formed by a tube with a porous tip, a transparent tube with a pressure gauge and a container full of water, is inserted into the ground. It works if the soil is saturated with water the water inside will not fall if the soil is not saturated with water will start to fall towards the ground allowing the instrument to measure the pressure. This pressure corresponds to the force to be applied by the plant to absorb water if necessary to irrigate high if it is low is not necessary.

7. Strategies for saving water Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata In the house: The strategies for a good water-saving are: recover rainwater in cisterns which can then be reused in the health and irrigation, avoid waste in all household activities.

8. Strategies of energy savings The strategies for a good energy saving are: installation of photovoltaic systems on the roofs of houses or industrial buildings to create electricity that is used in the activities, installation of solar panels on the roof for water heating so as to save electricity and gas boilers. The photovoltaic system captures sunlight and converts solar energy that is then used in the home or sent to power stations across the lines. The solar panels heat the water that are found in them thanks to the radiation of the sun and then the rimmettono in the circuit of the house to be able to use. Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata

9. Metadata EDUCATIVE Tipo: Progetto Lingua: Inglese generale / microlingua Tipologia interazione: Espositiva (Selezione topic -lettura-navigazione ipertestuale) Livello di interazione: Ricchezza semantica: Media Destinatari (tipo ed età): Studenti Contesto di apprendimento; laboratorio multimediale, autoapprendimento, recupero Grado di difficoltà:facile Breve descrizione:metodi di irrigazione e di risparmio idrico e energetico Punti di forza: immagini Punti di debolezza: Riassunto in lingua inglese Titolo: the methods Autore:Diego P. Classe 4°A Anno:2013-2014 Formato: PPT TECNICHE  Dimensione: 1,15MB Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata

10. Bibliography Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata Last visit: 3/01/14 www.Wikipedia.it www.google/immagini.it

11. Thank you for your attention Diego P. 4°A IIS G. Garibaldi Macerata