1. There are no right or wrong answers.
Salam!
Number your paper #1-8.
Write down the first word or phrase that comes to your mind for each picture.
There are no right or wrong answers.

2. 1

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9. 8

10. ISLAM
HWH

12. Introduction Muslims practice religion known as Islam
Islam means “Submitting to God”
Mostly found in Middle East, but 2 billion worldwide
Due to recent events (9/11) Islam has been in the news

13. Muhammad
Before Islam, most Arabs (people living in Middle East) practiced religion w/ many gods
Muhammad ( )
Wealthy businessman who lived in Mecca
At 25, married a 40 year old woman named Khadija
Upset at how most Arabs lived
Drinking, gambling, being unfaithful bothered him
Believed the Arab gods were bad and the God of the Jews and Christians was THE ONLY GOD
God was called “Allah” (father)
While praying on a hill outside Mecca, Gabriel, the angel that spoke to Moses, told him to spread his message to the Arabs about God

14. Muhammad Told people Allah is their only God
Many Arabs did not want to hear this (violence)
Flees to Medina
This year 622 “Year of the Hijra” is first year of the calendar
Other Arabs mad at Muhammad and invaded to end this new religion
Muhammad and people of Medina defend their city over and over
In 630, Muhammad invades Mecca
Muhammad wins, but dies 2 years later
Most Arabs become Muslim

15. Spread of Islam
Muhammad dies in 632 AD and father-in-law, oldest friend, Abu Bakr becomes leader of new religion
“Caliph” – successor to the prophet
Caliphs conquered Syria, Persia, North Africa in 25 years
New “Muslim” empire treated people well
Could either accept Islam, or pay a tax to empire
Some killed, but many converted
Many didn’t even resist their taking over

16. Spread of Islam Tried to take over Constantinople (711)
First major conflict between Muslims and Christians
DID enter Europe and Moors ruled Spain
Tried to enter France, defeated at Battle of Tours (732)
Muslim influence in Europe stopped at Spain

17. Spread of Islam

18. Islam Splits Muslims killed their 3rd caliph, Uthman
Uthman: ooth-MAHN
Mu’awiya: moo-AH-wee-ya
Sunni: SOOH-nee
Shi’ah: SHEE-ah
Islam Splits
Muslims killed their 3rd caliph, Uthman
Causes BIG division in Islam
Brief civil war, the next caliph Ali is killed, Mu’awiya takes over (661)
Those that followed Mu’awiya called Sunni
Those that followed Ali’s sons were called Shi’ah (Shiite)
Violence then, violence now between the two
90% Sunni, 10% Shiite

19. Islamic Powers Turks Moors Originally from steppes of Asia
Ruled by Sultan
Moors
North African Berbers
Tariq led army into Spain (711) and stayed for 700 years

20. Islamic Civilization Traders Producers: artisans, spices, textiles
Astronomers
Medicine
Most important contribution
Surgeries and hospitals
Basis for Renaissance revival of medicine/learning
Mathematics
Art & architecture
Calligraphy

21. The Alhambra, Spain

22. The Alhambra, Spain

24. Quran Quran is holy book of Islam 1 God
Prophets include Abraham, Jesus, & Moses
Muhammad = prophet
Words of angel Gabriel compiled over 23 years
Believe in Judgment Day and human resurrection

25. Quran & 5 Pillars Five Pillars of Faith
Contains Muhammad’s writings for proper living
Five Pillars of Faith
1st -Must say Muhammad is God’s prophet
2nd-Must pray 5 times a day facing the direction of Mecca
3rd-Give money to charity
4th-People must fast during Ramadan, the Holy Month, during the daylight
5th-Every Muslim must travel to Mecca once to pray and worship (Hajj)
Kaaba in Mecca

26. Islamic Culture Requires a strict code of virtuous conduct
Beliefs stressed in the Koran
Cannot drink alcohol or eat pork (like Jews)
Allows for polygamy (multiple wives)
Only four, must be treated equally
Women can only have one husband
Allowed slavery, but encouraged freedom

27. Jihad Idea of Jihad—“Struggle” (Holy War)
Interpreted differently (violent vs. nonviolent)
Anyone who died in this kind of “struggle” would receive blessings in heaven
Major issue today

28. Worship Muslims worship in mosques Common features
No images or statues (not even Muhammad)
No ceremonies or priesthood
Prayer services led my learned Muslims
Women pray separately from men in mosques
Common features
Minaret (tower), dome, and no furniture
Mirab: niche that points toward Kaaba in Mecca