1. The Rise of Islam
Unit 3
Chapter 10

2. GPS Standard
SSWH5
The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 AD and 1300.
Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.

3. Deserts & Trade Routes
Arabian Peninsula is a crossroad between Africa, Europe, and Asia
Early 600’s, Arabia connected to major ocean and land trade routes
Between Byzantine (North), Persian (NW), India (E), China (E), and Africa (S)
Silk Road: land & sea routes that led to China

5. Importance of trade routes to Arabian Peninsula
Economic Impact
new & different goods to area
information & ideas from different areas
Money and gold being traded
Access to land and sea expanded trade and ideas

7. Mecca Ka’aba: most sacred site in Islam
570: Muhammad born in Mecca
City in western Saudi Arabia
caravans stop to worship an ancient shrine called Ka’aba
Ka’aba: most sacred site in Islam
Originally a house of worship for Abraham and other religions
Abraham: Hebrew prophet

11. Muhammad Works in caravan trade as a young man
Takes great interest in religion and spends time alone in prayer and meditation
Age 40: hears a voice call to him while he meditates in a cave outside Mecca
Muslims believe that it was the voice of the angel Gabriel
Gabriel calls Muhammad to be his prophet

12. Muhammad 613: Muhammad’s preaching in Mecca meets hostility
Preaching against Arab gods
Mecca fears trade loss by making the Ka’aba only honor Allah
622: Muhammad forced from Mecca
630: Muhammad and the Muslims return to Mecca
Muhammad starts to unify Arabs with Islam

13. Islam Qur’an (Koran): holy book of Muslims Written in Arabic
Becomes the language of worshipers and scholars
Must expand and spread the faith
Leads to conflict with other societies and cultures

14. Creation of an Arab Empire
Muhammad did not leave a new leader on his death
Islamic communities needed strong leader
Caliph: successor
1st 4 caliphs followed Muhammad’s example
“Rightly Guided Caliphs”

15. Rightly Guided Caliphs
Want to protect & spread Islam
Arab armies weaken Byzantine & Persian Empires
By mid-600’s, armies had acquired Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia & Egypt

16. The Umayyad's After last of “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
Umayyad's take over Islamic empire
Move Muslim capital from Mecca to Damascus
Easier to take over more territory
Start of split in Muslim world

18. Split in Islam Most Muslims agree with Umayyad rule
Small faction of Muslims begin to resist
Resistant Muslims believe the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad
Shi’a (Shiites): Iran
Muslims who accept Umayyad rule
Sunni- Best for leadership to lead in the way of Muhammad.

19. Seljuk Turks Nomadic people from Central Asia
Convert to Islam from Persia
Begin to dominate region from Syria and Turkey
(video)
Turks begin to threaten Byzantine Empire
Take control of Jerusalem
Byzantine Empire turns to Western Europe for help to resist Muslims

20. Ibn Sina

21. Ibn Sina Muslim scholar Develops medicine as field of scientific study
Writes medical encyclopedia

22. Ibn Battuta
Traveled most of the known world and all of the Muslim world
Wrote a book about his travel
(video)

23. Background of Crusades
Seljuk Turks were pressing into Byzantine lands
1065: Turks seize Jerusalem
Murder Christians and Jews
Byzantines cannot stop them
Jerusalem is holy to all three religions
1093: Byzantine Emperor asks the Pope for help
Pope Urban II calls for a holy war

24. 1st Crusade

25. People Join Crusades
Pope promises salvation into heaven if fighter dies freeing Holy Land from non-Christians
Adventure & possibility of wealth
Land for the poor

26. Crusades European rulers free Jerusalem for a brief time
Rise of many religious orders to fight the Muslims (video)
By the fourth crusade excitement wains
Later crusades involve loss of children, sack of Constantinople, and Reconquista of Spain
Inquisition: Ferdinand and Isabella force all Muslims and Jews to convert to Catholic

27. Effects of the Crusades
Pope loses power
Why didn’t the Christian win?
People question their faith
Thousands never returned
Kings took over the land and became more powerful
Nobles power decreased
Trade increased
Religious intolerance
Jews, Christians, and Muslims are mortal enemies
Racism, bigotry, intolerance

28. Richard the Lionheart video

29. Religious relations after the Crusade
Christians v. Muslims:
Mad about Jerusalem, cannot understand how they lost, hatred
v. Jews:
Mad about Jerusalem, force Jews to convert, see Jews as making money off the conflict
Muslims v. Jews:
Muslims have to expel them from the Holy land
Jews: no homeland, hated in Europe

30. EA 2/2
How did conflict among Muslims result in divergent views of their faith?