1. World War I: World War I: “ A Mad World of Death, Blood, & Fire.” 1/12/15 Objectives:  Discuss the attitudes of pre-war Europe  Examine the tactics and weaponry of WWI  Evaluate the impact of the war

2. Europe at the time of WWI

3. I. Pre-War Peace & Prosperity A. Modern science & Industrial Revolution 1. Provided for a better standard of living for many Europeans  Cheaper, more accessible goods  A growing middle class B. The theories of Marx and Darwin stressed progress 1. Perceived movement toward an earthly paradise C. Mentality 1. “A good short war” would be a good thing

4. II. Seeds of War A. Imperialism 1. European powers expanded across the globe  Formed colonies in Africa & Asia B. Nationalism 1. “Desire of ethnic groups to create a sovereign nation” C. Militarism 1. Large modern armies became the norm  Assembly line production  Conscription  Mobilization plans D. Alliances 1. Polarized Europe

5. III. The Spark A. June 1914, Assassination of Arch-Duke Francis (a.k.a. Franz) Ferdinand in Bosnia B. Austria- Hungary holds Serbia responsible

6. 1. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, July 28, 1914 with German support 2. Russia declares support for Serbia & mobilizes against Austria-Hungary & Germany 3. Germany declares war on Russia + France 4. Germany mobilizes & occupies Belgium 5. Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgium’s neutrality 6. By August 4, all European powers are at war Everyone thought war would be over by Christmas The Domino Effect

7. Europe in 1914 The Allies (Primary): 1. France 2. Russia 3. Britain * US enters 1917 Central Powers: 1. Germany 2. Austria-Hungary 3. Ottoman Empire

9. Propaganda From All Sides  A 1915 German propaganda poster related to German discontent over the L’Entente Cordiale agreement of 1904.  It shows a depiction of a huge spider attacking “Turquie,” while eating a French soldier and with a German eagle sitting regally and proudly overhead. Uncle Sam and two others are tied in a web in the background and there is a German submarine in the Sea of Marmora.  The Entente Cordiale was a diplomatic agreement that settled Anglo-French disputes and made possible their cooperation against Germanexpansion in Europe and the colonial world.

10. Even Australia and Canada

11. UK Propaganda

12. Back At Home

13. IV. Warfare & Weapons A. Each side dug trenches to shelter their troops 1. “No man’s land” in between B. New weapons and technologies emerge: 1. Poison gas 2. Machine Gun 3. Tanks 4. Airplanes & zeppelins C. Tactics slow to catch up with technology 1. Mechanization of slaughter

20. Netley Hospital

21. A. 9 million soldiers had died, 21 million wounded B. Governments increased power over press & economy C. Large armies were drafted, recruited, trained, & supplied 1. Set tone for future wars D. Women worked in factories, supporting appeal for suffrage E. US became a global power V. Fallout