1. Plants! Dominate land and water Extreme diversity Range in size ( 100m in height) >270,000 species Live a few weeks to over 5000 years

2. Largest…

3. Smallest…. Mosquito Fern

4. Largest Flowering plant: Rafflesia

5. Did You Know? Some plants produce seeds, others do not Let me introduce to you the plants that produce seeds….

6. Now Introducing…. The SEED Plants…

7. SEED PLANTS… 2 groups of seed plants are the gymnosperms and angiosperms

8. Brassica rapa The plant that we will be working with in this unit is a SEED plant, and is known as the Wisconsin Fast Plant. The scientific name for this plant is Brassica rapa

9. Gymnosperms! Produce naked seeds (not enclosed in fruit) and no flowers Most retain their leaves year-round Most bear their seeds in cones

10. Cycads-cool gymnosperms!

11. Memory Attention

12. SEED Plants also include… Angiosperms! (Flowering Plants) Outnumber gymnosperms Besides producing flowers, angiosperms produce fruits (ripened ovaries) that protect and aid in dispersal of seeds More diverse (What does diverse mean again? Oh yeah! VARIETY)

13. Angiosperms… Include “showy” flowers, shrubs, vines, oak, aspen and birch trees, and grasses

14. ROOTS!

15. Types of ROOTS Roots: anchor the plant into the ground, receives water and nutrients for the plant from soil Tap roots (carrots): “taps into” the water supply that is in the ground Fibrous root system: numerous small roots that branch

16. Root Hairs… Root hairs: extensions of roots that increase water and mineral absorption

17. Hydroponics Growing plants without soil by using solutions to provide the necessary nutrients for growth.

18. Reaching into the SOIL… Texture- how the soil FEELS Nutrients- Chemicals needed for the functioning and growth of living things Humus-present in soil, is material that was once living and is important for fertile soil(dark in color) Soil may be considered LOAM: Good soil mixture of 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay

19. Fertilizer Includes manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds, spread on or worked into soil to increase its capacity to support plant growth. NPK rating: Percentage of the 3 above chemicals found in purchased fertilizer.

20. STEMS: also known as pedicels or stalks of flowers STEMS transport and store nutrients and water from roots to the leaves Also give support to leaves! Animal protection Water storage and photosynthesis Storing energy as starch Potato Cactus Plant

21. What are SEEDS? Seeds contain an embryo and a nutrient supply Good conditions trigger germination (evidence of growth from embryo to seedling) Presence of moisture Warm Temperatures Air Supply

22. 4 STAGES of Fast PLANT Growth: Cotyledons True Leaves Flowers Pods …..What are COTYLEDONS?

23. Cotyledons Seed leaves, it is where photosynthesis occurs and where food is stored for the seed

24. Monocots vs. Dicots Mono means one Di means two Plants with one cotyledon are called monocots. Plants with two cotyledons are called dicots.

25. Leaves! Place where photosynthesis occurs!

26. Now… Onto the REPRODUCTIVE parts of PLANTS! There are MALE and FEMALE parts!

28. Parts of Flowers… Sepals: located at the base of a flower, protect the other parts of a developing flower before it opens, is often green Petals: brightly-colored part of flower

29. Male Reproductive Parts of Flowers Stamen-male reproductive structure, consists of an anther and a filament Anther-contains pollen grains Filament- stalk, supports an anther

30. Female Reproductive Parts of Flowers Pistil- made up of the stigma, style, and ovary Style- stalk-like, rises from the ovary and, protects the pollen tube. The tip is called the stigma that is sticky or has hairs to trap pollen grains Ovary(becomes fruit) houses ovule(seed)

31. NOTE: Most species of flowering plants have flowers with both stamens and pistils. They are called complete flowers. Some species have only stamens (male flowers) or only pistils (female flowers)

32. Pollination The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma to fertilize the egg (either occurring on the same plant or to another plant) Self-pollination: Involves either the same flower, flowers on the same plant, or flowers from two genetically identical plants. Cross Pollination: One flower to another. Involves two genetically different plants. Plants produced this way are called hybrids.

33. Pollen Dispersal Sea Grasses = by water Oaks & grasses = by air (therefore, flowers are small and lack showy petals) Many other species = by animals (showy flowers)

34. Animal Pollinators (While obtaining nectar, desirable seeds, fruits) Bats Bees Beetles Moths Butterflies Hummingbirds Monkeys People When animals are attracted to showy flowers, they come to feed on the flower. Pollen sticks to their bodies and the animals deposit some of the pollen onto another flower that they go and feed on.

35. Parts of a BEE BODY

36. Fertilization Two things must happen in order for seeds to form Pollination and Fertilization is when the pollen reaches the ovule

37. Coconut Seeds: of near-water plants, seeds float with air chambers

38. Tropical Sandbox Tree: forcible discharge, fruits hurl seeds up to 100 meters!

39. Gymnosperm Seeds: Protected by Cones

40. Pine Seeds: Seeds with Wings

41. Plant Responses Geotropism: Response to gravity Positive Geotropism: Moving with gravity…roots growing DOWN (toward EARTH) Negative Geotropism: Stems, leaves, petals, reproductive parts growing UP (against gravity and away from Earth)

42. Geotropism

43. Heliotropism Response to sunlight Sun = Plant reaching for the sunlight No sun = plant droops

44. Phototropism Plants move in the direction of the light source (artificial light)

45. NPK Rating N= nitrogen P=phosphorus K=potassium 15-30-15 means 15% N, 30% P, 15% K Add them together. 60% of the fertilizer is NPK Subtract from 100=40% are other materials like clay or other chemicals

46. Invasive Species Any non-native species (plant, animal, fungus, protist, bacteria) belonging to an ecosystem; and whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

47. Invasive Plant Species of Illinois Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)Autumn Olive Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica and R. frangula)Buckthorn High-bush Cranberrry (Viburnum opulus)High-bush Cranberrry Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)Garlic Mustard Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)Ground Ivy