1. Respiration

2. Think, pair, share The word equation for respiration.
Where aerobic respiration takes place in the cell.
Why do cells need energy?

3. Energy in Cells
Cells need energy for; Cell division, growth, muscle contraction and synthesising large molecules. Where does this energy come from?

4. Energy in Food
How do you know that there is energy present in the malteser?

5. The Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen Energy Carbon Water
(ATP) Dioxide
From
Our food
Can be used for
Cell activity e.g.
Muscle contraction

6. Respiration
Respiration is a series of enzyme controlled reactions that releases the chemical energy stored in glucose.

7. ATP
The energy from glucose is used to form ATP by making a bond between ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate).
Energy from glucose

8. ATP
ATP carries the energy to a cell which needs energy and breaks down into ADP and Pi.
Energy released from ATP
The energy released from the bond can be used in cell division, muscle contraction and making proteins.

9. The Energy Cycle ATP ADP + Pi ENERGY PUT IN Respiration Of glucose
RELEASED
ENERGY
PUT IN
Used for
Cell
Activity
Respiration
Of glucose

10. Quick Questions What is respiration?
What is the equation for respiration?
What form does the energy take when it is
released from food?
4. What does ATP stand for?
5. What can ATP be used for?

11. Aerobic Respiration Using Oxygen
Breakdown of glucose to release energy in the
presence of oxygen is a two step process:
Glycolysis: Glucose is split in two becoming
pyruvic acid
2. Breakdown of pyruvic acid into simple products

12. Stage 1: Glycolysis
Glucose
Splitting
Glucose (6 carbons)
enzyme
controlled reactions
Pyruvic Acid (3 carbons)
How many molecules of pyruvic acid come from 1 molecule of glucose?

13. Stage 2: Breakdown of pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid oxygen
enzyme
controlled reactions
carbon dioxide water

14. When is ATP produced? Glucose 2ADP + 2Pi 2ATP Pyruvic Acid + oxygen
How many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of pyruvic acid?
36 ADP + 36 Pi
36 ATP
carbon dioxide water

15. 2 ATP 36 ATP Total = 38 ATP ATP production Glucose Pyruvic Acid
+ oxygen
36 ATP
Total = 38 ATP
carbon dioxide water

16. Total 2 ATP no oxygen Anaerobic Respiration in Plants and Yeast
Glucose
2ADP + Pi
2ATP
Total
2 ATP
Pyruvic Acid
No ATP
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide

17. Effects of Lactic Acid in Muscle
Glucose
Pyruvic Acid
+ oxygen
heavy exercise
BUILD UP OXYGEN DEBT
recovery period
OXYGEN DEBT REPAID
Lactic acid

18. Anaerobic respiration animals Anaerobic respiration plants
3.5.3 Comparing aerobic and anaerobic
Aerobic
respiration
Anaerobic respiration animals
Anaerobic respiration plants
Glycolysis
ATP yield
Products
Yes
Yes
Yes 2 38 2
Carbon dioxide
& water
Ethanol &
Carbon dioxide
Lactic acid

19. Produce a graph using the information below:
Time (mins)
Force (Newtons)
400 5
380 7
390 10
350 18
330 20
290 22
300 25 26
270 30
240
Explain why the force used by the muscle is decreasing.

20. Questions Define the term anaerobic respiration.
Explain why lactic acid builds up in the muscles.
Identify 2 conditions necessary for the oxygen debt to be repaid.
Give 3 differences between the breakdown of a glucose molecule in a root cell which respires in;
a) well aerated soil.
b) anaerobically in flooded soil.