2. England  What do we know? Write down ANYTHING you think you might know about this country.  bubbl.us

3. What is England?  https://www.google.com/maps/place/Eng land,+UK/@48.9393077,- 7.3823063,3z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47d0 a98a6c1ed5df:0xf4e19525332d8ea8 https://www.google.com/maps/place/Eng land,+UK/@48.9393077,- 7.3823063,3z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47d0 a98a6c1ed5df:0xf4e19525332d8ea8  England < Great Britain < The United Kingdom (UK)

4. Philology philology: the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages.

5. “A Borrowed Language”  What might this mean?

6. Cuchulain (Cuh- Hullen) The oldest known British Isles folk hero. (Very Irish)

7. The Original Celtic  Cathac of St. Columbia  Early story  Written centuries later

8. The Original Celtic – Pangur Ban  A monk’s poem about a cat  This is not English  It might serve as the basis for what English became.

9. An example of modern Gaelic  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6Jb UDBfY1E

10. The Original Celtic  Before AD 43 – Old Celtic/Britton  Romans drove them out  Romans spoke Latin  Latin influence in the area (Romano-British)

11. Welcome!  What were the two languages we discussed yesterday?  Which was there first and which was brought and who brought it to England?

12. The Timeline (so far)  ????? – 43AD – Celtic/British  43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British

13. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion

14. Anglo-Saxons  Following Roman retreat in 5 th century AD (Anno Domini, “In the year of our Lord,” or CE (common era)  Germanic Kingdoms

15. Slaughter of Locals? Probably not. Small groups settled unused land. Acculturation or slow integration.

16.  Anglo-Saxon culture kinda took over.  Brittons still there  Remnants of Celtic and Latin still around

17. “Germanic” Tribes  Guess what older version of the modern language they spoke.  No surprise, German.  No record of what they actually sounded like.

18. Why combine languages?  Anglo-Saxons had MONEY!  Kings/wealthy travelled, set up in England  Anglo-Saxon became the language of the elite  Locals learned it to seem “cool”  Families created common ancestors with A-S

19. How it all adds up: Old Gaelic Romano/Britton + Anglo-Saxon Old English

20. Guess the name of this font! Yep: Old English

21. Caedmon’s Hymn  Now (we) should praise of the kingdom of heaven the Warden,  Of the Creator the might, and his mind-thought (purpose),  the work of the Gloryfather, just as he of wonders,  eternal Lord, created the beginning (of each).  He first created for the children of earth  heaven as a roof, holy Shaper;  then Middle Earth mankind's Warden,  eternal Lord, after created  for men the earth, Ruler almighty.

22. The Gloryfather?  The Christian Lord?  Celtic Gods?  Roman Gods?  Norse Gods?

24. Christian Missionaries  Traveled all over Europe converting people for centuries  Favorite book?  Copy, Paste, Repeat  Monks = only writers  Local stories eventually got written down

25. Beowulf  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13c ES7MMd8

26. From the GET GO  Language of praise and wonder

27. Welcome!  The story so far…  ????? – 43AD – Celtic/British  43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British  ~400AD – 1066 – Anglo-Saxon  1066…

28. THE NORMAN INVASION!!!!

29. How it all started…

30. Vikings going cray- cray on Europe

31. France invites a Viking clan to settle the northern beaches to protect the mainland. “Nortmanni” or “Northmen” bacame “Normandy” >> ~100 years

32. William the Conqueror – Unites Normandy and sails to England for battle!

33. The Norman Invasion Anglo-Saxons: slow, peaceful acculturation Normans: Killing and replacing

34. 1066 In the year of our Lord (Anno Domini, AD) or the Common Era (CE)

35. The Norman Invasion

36. Their language  Norman-French Mixture of Viking Norweigen/Swedish and local French http://www.thehistoryofengli sh.com/history_middle.html

37. Again, they were high-status  William the Conqueror took all the land and gave it his rich buddies.  Therefore, landowners, business owners, and the nobility all spoke Norman-French.  If you were still speaking the Old English?  Had to learn new language of business.

38. Old English and Norman-French  pig/ pork, pigpork  chicken/ poultry, chickenpoultry  calf/ veal, calfveal  cow/ beef, cowbeef  wood/ forest, woodforest  sheep/ mutton, sheepmutton  house/ mansion, housemansion  worthy/ valuable, worthyvaluable  bold/ courageous, boldcourageous  freedom/ liberty. [6] freedomliberty [6]

39. Norman Influence on High-Society  Nobility: crown, castle, prince, count, duke, baron, noble, sovereign, heraldry  Government: parliament, government, governor, city  Law: court, judge, justice, accuse, arrest, sentence, appeal, condemn, plaintiff, bailiff, jury, felony, verdict, traitor, contract, damage, prison  War: army, armour, archer, battle, soldier, guard, courage, peace, enemy, destroy  Wealth: mansion, money, gown, boot, beauty, mirror, jewel, appetite, banquet, herb, spice, sauce, roast  Art: art, colour, language, literature, poet, chapter

40. Their Language in England  English < Norman French = Modern French  fashion < faichon = façon cabbage < caboche = chou (cf. caboche) candle < ca(u)ndelle = chandelle, bougie castle < castel (now catè) = château, castelet cauldron < caudron = chaudron causeway < caucie (now cauchie) = chaussée catch < cachier (now cachi) = chasser cater < acater = acheter cattle < *capte(l) = cheptel cherry (ies) < cherise (chrise, chise ) = cerise fork < fouorque = fourche garden < gardin = jardin mug < mogue/moque = mug, boc plank < pllanque = planche pocket < pouquette = poche poor < paur = pauvre wait < waitier (old Norman) = gaitier (mod. guetter ) war < werre (old Norman) = guerre wicket < viquet = guichet (cf. piquet)

41. How it all adds up: Old Gaelic Romano/Britton Anglo-Saxon +Norman-French Middle English

42. Some Old Translations…

44. Middle English  Most notable example: Geoffery Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE0MtENfOM U

46. The History of English in Ten Minutes  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfKh lJIAhew

47.  When we return, please title a new heading “Shakespeare’s Influence on the English Language” Break Time!!

48. One man!  More influence than anyone else  Greatest writer in English  Greatest playwright in the world  Influence countless other artists and authors

49. Before Bill Shaxbear  Think about the language  Different everywhere  No fixed set of rules  Chaotic!

50. The Enlightenment  Out of the brutal, violent “Dark Ages”  New ideas of philosophy, religion, art, and science… but no proper vocabulary  So if no word exists to represent what you feel, make one up or steal one!  30,000 new/borrowed words added from 1500- 1650

51. Vocabulary  Warren King "In all of his work – the plays, the sonnets and the narrative poems – Shakespeare uses 17,677 words: Of those, 1,700 were first used by Shakespeare.”  Oxford English Dictionary records over 2,000

52. Resources  http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/re sources/shakespeare-words/ http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/re sources/shakespeare-words/  http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/re sources/shakespeare-phrases/ http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/re sources/shakespeare-phrases/  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMk uUADWW2A

53. Welcome!  Please have out your notes on English Philology and title a new heading “The Printing Press”

54. Sorry China!

55.  Europe Wins!  Johannes Gutenberg  Originally a craftsman, mixed a new, durable metal  Invented oil-based ink

56. Printing and Language  Chaos of different dialects  Big presses located in London (Caxton), so that was the version of Middle English published  Local dialects influenced by London dialect  Now shared versions of texts (Standardization and Unification)  Mistakes?

57. The First Dictionary  Dictionary of the English Language, Dr. Samuel Johnson, 1755

58. The Most Popular Book…  … King James?

59. King James

60. The Original King James  Stuffy, Old, White Dude  Commissioned third translation of Bible Latin > English  Puritans dissatisfied with first two

63. Literary Influence of the Bible  HUGE!!!  Fall of Lucifer  Adam and Eve  Cain and Abel  Abraham and Isaac  Job

64. Ever Since…  Industrial Revolution  Imperialism  Digital Evolution

65. Report procedure 1. give handout/expectations 2. two days for first draft 3. one day for peer editing/conferencing

66. Grammatical Labeling  Please label your first draft with the following grammatical elements  Parts of speech (4) each nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns  Parts of a sentence  Parallel Structure  List of items Colon, Commas  Homophones (4)  Apostrophes

67. Welcome!  Please write in your notes the definition of a paragraph and the specific components that go into making a good one.  Paragraph – a distinct selection of sentences, usually exploring a single idea

68. What a paragraph needs…  Indenting – starting the first line 1/2 inch from the margin – hit tab  5-7 sentences Transition sentence Topic Sentence/Hook – describes what you’ll be explaining Examples to back up the first sentence (support) – Details Conclusion – wraps up specific idea Transition – to the next idea

69. Reflection on your drafts

70. Introduction Paragraphs  What makes a good one? 1. Hook to get the reader interested 1. What are the roots of the English language? Why does English have so many words from other languages? English evolved from many languages. “Interesting Quote.” The English language has impacted the world by borrowing or stealing words. 2. Background information 1. Languages are always changing. When wars happen, people move around and their language goes with them. 3. Big Ideas/Main points 4. Thesis statement 1. English is made of so many languages 2. The mixture of these influences have created the English Language

71. Conclusion paragraphs  Wraps up entire essay in 3+ sentences  No new details 1. Restate your thesis in different words 2. A summary of what you discussed 3. Inviting further thought 1. The future of the language? 2. Hypothesize about other language evolutions?

72. Drafting, Peer Editing, Conferences Think about paragraph construction (4 Each) Parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns/antecedents, prepositions, conjunctions) (4)Parts of a sentence (subject, predicate, prepositional phrases) (1)Parallel structure (1)Lists of items with or without a colon (2)Knowledge of homophones (2)Proper use of apostrophes (contractions are OK here, possession)

73. FINAL DRAFT  Due on Tuesday