1. Ancient Greece
SOL: WHI 5

2. What we will try to answer…
How did the mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?

3. Geography Rugged peninsula Surrounded by Aegean Sea Mountainous
No Navigable rivers
Narrow valleys
Lots of Inlets and Bays

4. (Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea)
used as water ways to unite the people
linked Greeks to other societies
sea trade was essential

5. Land 3/4ths mountains (Mt Olympus-tallest, home of the gods)
Difficult to unite all of Greece because of multiple valley communities
only small streams, not suitable for irrigation
No large population
Main crops-grains, grapes, olives—simple diet

6. Climate
Moderate temps
Only rains in winter

7. Important key concepts so far..
Agriculture was limited due to the land not being arable ( lead to colonization)
Mountainous terrain helped and hindered the development of city-states

8. Mycenaeans 1400 BC – dominated the Aegean world
Were sailors and traders
Traded with Sicily, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Minoans
Took over the Minoan civilization in Crete

9. Mycenaean Society Warrior Artisans/ Craftsmen, architects, merchants
Kings supported by nobles who exchanged lands and favors - dominated society
Artisans/ Craftsmen, architects, merchants
Peasants and slaves
Most of what we know of society comes from Homer’s Illiad and Odyssey

10. Mycenaean Decline Collapse- 1200 B.C. Warfare and Earthquakes
Trojan War was the last great enterprise, 1250 BC

11. “The Dark Ages” The Dorians
Indo-European invaders who took over Mycenaeans
1100 BC – 800 BC: took step backward
Scorned city-life, lost skills, didn’t write
Bad traders
Lead to the Greek Dark Ages.

12. Trojan War Told by Homer
Hector of Troy stole Helen the wife of the Greek King
Proved true by Heinrich Schliemann who found Troy

13. Greek Culture
Focus on Arete, the strive for excellence, honor, fame, and showing courage

15. Olympic Games Held in Olympia to honor the gods
Every four years starting in 776 BC
Pentathlon: broad jump, discus, javelin, stadium sprint (200 yards), wrestling
Prizes were a olive wreath and fame and honor

16. Athens and Sparta
WHI: 5c

17. Essential Questions How did democracy develop in Athens?
How did Sparta differ from Athens?

18. Social Structure
Polis- city-state; was the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece.
made up of a city and its surrounding countryside

19. Social Structure
Citizens (free adult males) had political rights and responsibility of civic participation in government.
Women and foreigners had no political rights.
Slaves had no political rights.

20. Political Structure Monarchy Single person ruled (King)
Rule is hereditary
Some rulers claim divine right
Practiced in Mycenae

21. Political Structure Aristocracy (Athens) Ruled by nobility
Rule is hereditary; based on family ties
Practiced in Athens prior to 594 B.C

22. Political Structure Tyranny (Athens)
Powerful individuals (nobles or wealthy citizen) take over by appealing to the common people
Rulers were not seen as harsh like they are today.
Set up jobs once in power.

23. Political Structure Important tyrants Both pushed for reform Draco
First written laws in Athens
Solon
Asked to rule and make reforms to end conflict between rich and poor
Both pushed for reform

24. Political structure Democracy (Athens) Origin of democratic principles
State ruled by its citizens
Rule is based on citizenship
Majority rule decides votes
Practiced in Athens by about 500 B.C
Origin of democratic principles
Direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen

25. Political Structure Oligarchy (Sparta)
State ruled by a small group of citizens
Rule is based on wealth or ability
Ruling group controls military

26. Sparta Located in Peloponnesus (South) Conquered the Messenians
Messenians became helots (aka-slaves)

28. Code of Lycurgus Unhealthy babies were left for dead
7year-old boys joined the military
At 20 a man could marry but stayed in the military
At 30 a man moved into the reserves for 30 years

29. Spartan Women
Women wrestled and played other sports in addition to running family estates
Women had every right except to vote

30. Persian Wars
SOL: WHI.5d

32. Persian Invasion Invasion #1 (490 BC) Started in Ionia
Greeks in Ionia revolted against Persian Rule
King Darius vowed to destroy Athens

33. Battle of Marathon
10,000 Athenians repelled 25,000 Persians at Marathon
Persians head to Athens by boat
Pheldippides beat them there by running the 26.2 miles to Athens to warn the people, “Rejoice, we conquer”

34. Invasion #2 Xerxes, son of Darius vowed to crush Greece
Persian military had people from all over (Ethiopia, Arabs, Russians, and Persians)
Some of Greece fought, others choose not to

36. Battle at Thermopylae
Narrow mountain pass held by 7,000 Athenians and 300 Spartans
A traitor told Xerxes another way around
Leonidas and his Spartans held as long as they could while the Athenians returned to defend the city

37. End of 2nd Invasion Athens evacuated Battle at sea
310 Greek ships rammed holes in the less agile Persian ship and sunk them
Xerxes was scared and left

38. Consequences of Invasions
Athens became a hero and formed the Delian League of 140 city states
Delian League was to protect against a Persian invasion but was just an excuse to build an Athenian Empire

39. Key Concepts Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against Persia
After the Athenian victory over Persia at Marathon and Salamis, Greeks were in control of the Aegean Sea.
Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

40. Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta
Rival pressures build and in 431 BC, the Spartans attacked and burnt the Athenian food supply
Athenians tried to force a naval battle

41. Why Athens Lost: Plague of 430 BC
killed 1/3rd of Athens, including Pericles
Athenian navy defeated at Syracuse (Sicily)
404 BC, Athens surrendered

42. Effects of War Athens lost empire, power, wealth
Confidence in democratic government decreased
Art began to flourish and statues began to have emotional faces
Drama shifted to Comedies, made fun of politics, people, and ideas.