1. Alcohol Ms. Snyder

2. Sports and Alcohol Think back to the last time you watched a sports event on TV. What kinds of products were advertised during the commercials? Chances are, some of the ads were for beer. Besides being aired during sports events, how do the ads try to connect sports and alcohol in people’s minds?

3. Alcohol Terms & Info Ethanol: the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages (grain alcohol) Ethanol: the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages (grain alcohol) Fermentation: the chemical action of yeast on sugars to make Alcohol/Ethanol Fermentation: the chemical action of yeast on sugars to make Alcohol/Ethanol Intoxication: the physical & mental impairment from using alcohol. Intoxication: the physical & mental impairment from using alcohol.

4. Alcohol is a factor in many… Unplanned pregnancies Unplanned pregnancies Cases of STD’s Cases of STD’s Dating violence Dating violence Rapes Rapes Suicides & homicides Suicides & homicides

5. Reason Young People Drink To escape problems To escape problems To deal with stress To deal with stress To feel more confident To feel more confident Boredom Boredom To fit in To fit in

6. Alcohol Definitions DWI Driving While Intoxicated DUI Driving While Under the Influence BAC Blood Alcohol Concentration (amount of alcohol in a person’s blood) As blood alcohol concentration increases, physical & behavioral effects get more & more severe

8. Health Stats: What trend does this graph reveal? How is reaction time—the time it takes people to respond to a situation—affected by alcohol? Explain how an increase in reaction time affects a person’s safety on the road.

10. What are the factors associated with getting intoxicated 1. Concentration of drinks 2. Amount drank 3. Rate / Speed of consumption 4. Food eaten 5. Other drug interaction 6. Emotional condition 7. Tolerance 8. Gender 9. Weight 10. Carbonation of drinks

11. The Path of Alcohol 1. Mouth: consumed and passed along to the esophagus 2. Stomach: a little goes into the stomach walls & bloodstream, most passes through small intestines 3. Small Intestines: Rapidly absorbed 4. Bloodstream: Heart pumps blood and alcohol to all parts of the body 5. Brain: Goes to the brain almost as soon as consumed. The alcohol keeps passing through the brain until the liver has had time to oxidize it (burn it up). 6. Liver: Oxidizes the alcohol (changes alcohol into water, carbon dioxide, and energy). Body eliminates it by sweating and urinating.

12. Cardiovascular System Heart rate and blood pressure increase. More blood flows to the skin’s surface. Core body temperature decreases. Effects of Intoxication Excretory System Kidneys increase urine production. Drinker loses more water from body than usual. Nervous System Brain activity slows down. Coordination becomes impaired. Sensations and perception become less clear. Reflexes become sluggish. Digestive System Too much alcohol in the stomach may cause vomiting.

13. Drinking Information If you drink something that is 100 percent alcohol, the proof is 200. If you drink something that is 100 percent alcohol, the proof is 200. If you have something that is 86 proof, the alcohol percent is 43 %. If you have something that is 86 proof, the alcohol percent is 43 %. A liver can oxidize ½ oz. Per hour. A liver can oxidize ½ oz. Per hour. There is the same amount of alcohol in: There is the same amount of alcohol in: 12 oz. Beer (can) 12 oz. Beer (can) 5 oz. Wine (glass) 5 oz. Wine (glass) 1 ½ oz 1 ½ oz

14. How Much Alcohol Is in a Drink?

15. Long Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body Brain Damage Brain Damage Chronic Liver Problems Chronic Liver Problems Vitamin Deficiencies Vitamin Deficiencies Stomach & Skin Problems Stomach & Skin Problems Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Hepatitis Hepatitis

17. Alcohol Related Liver Problems Fatty Liver: A condition where fats build up in liver and can’t be broken down Cirrhosis: Liver tissue is destroyed and then replaced with useless scar tissue Hepatitis: An inflammation of the liver that can cause weakness, jaundice, or death

18. Alcohol Terms & Info Tolerance: One needs to drink more to get the same effects Withdrawal: When an individual experiences symptoms when the alcohol isn’t in the system Synergistic Effect: When 2 or more medicines are combined make both more powerful Alcohol usually has a synergistic effect on other medications Should you mix alcohol with medicine??

19. Alcohol Terms & Info cont… Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): A condition in which a fetus has been affected mentally & physically by the mother’s alcohol use during pregnancy FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States. Binge Drinking: Periodic excessive drinking

20. Alcohol Terms & Info cont… Alcohol Poisoning: A dangerous toxic condition when a person drinks a large amount within a short amount of time. A dangerous toxic condition when a person drinks a large amount within a short amount of time.Alcoholism: A physical & psychological dependence on ethanol. A physical & psychological dependence on ethanol. Is alcoholism a disease? Is alcoholism a disease? YES!!! YES!!!

22. Statistics to make you think Statistic: Over 83% of people arrested for crime and 73% of people arrested for murder have been drinking Statistic: Over 83% of people arrested for crime and 73% of people arrested for murder have been drinking

23. Prevalence in 8th graders: 51.7% have tried alcohol 51.7% have tried alcohol 43.1% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 43.1% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 25.1% have been drunk 25.1% have been drunk 15.2% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes 15.2% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)

24. Prevalence in 10th graders: Prevalence in 10th graders: 70.6% have tried alcohol 70.6% have tried alcohol 63.7% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 63.7% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 48.9% have been drunk 48.9% have been drunk 25.6% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes 25.6% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes 1.9% have been daily drinking for at least 1 month at some point in their lives 1.9% have been daily drinking for at least 1 month at some point in their lives Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)

25. Prevalence in 12th graders: Prevalence in 12th graders: 80% have tried alcohol 80% have tried alcohol 73.8% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 73.8% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 62.3% have been drunk 62.3% have been drunk 30.8% binge drank in the past 2 weeks 30.8% binge drank in the past 2 weeks 3.6% use alcohol daily 3.6% use alcohol daily Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)

26. Underage Drinking Statistics 1 in 5 teens binge drink. Only 1 in 100 parents believes his or her teen binge drinks. High school students who use alcohol or other substances are 5 times more likely to drop out of school or believe good grades are not important. 65% of youth surveyed said that they got the alcohol they drink from family and friends. Youth who drink alcohol are 50 times more likely to use cocaine than those who never drink alcohol. Teen alcohol use kills about 6,000 people each year, more than all illegal drugs combined. Underage drinking costs the United States more than $58 billion every year — enough to buy every public school student a state-of-the-art computer.

27. Driving Drunk Statistics Almost every 90 seconds, a person is injured in a drunk driving crash. In 2010, 10,228 people died in drunk driving crashes - one every 52 minutes - and 345,000 were injured in drunk driving crashes. In 2010, 211 children were killed in drunk driving crashes. Out of those 211 deaths, 131 (62 percent) were riding with the drunk driver. Traffic crashes are the greatest single cause of death for persons aged 6–33. About 45% of these fatalities are in alcohol-related crashes.

28. More Driving Drunk Statistics Everyday in America, another 28 people die as a result of drunk driving crashes. Kids who start drinking young are seven times more likely to be in an alcohol-related crash. On average, one in three people will be involved in a drunk driving crash in their lifetime. In the United States, every 30 minutes someone is killed in an alcohol related traffic accident.

29. Even More Statistics… Across people of all ages, males are four times as likely as females to be heavy drinkers. Each year, a typical young person in the United States is inundated with more than 1,000 commercials for beer and wine coolers and several thousand fictional drinking incidents on television. 1 in 8 Americans grows up in an alcoholic family. Spouses and children of alcoholics live in homes filled with stress arising from uncertainty and embarrassment. (Glencoe Health 2007) Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among young people. Problem drinkers average four times as many days in the hospital as nondrinkers — mostly because of drinking-related injuries.

30. Statistic Sources 1.Substance Abuse: The Nation’s Number One Health Problem, Feb. 2001 2.Mothers Against Drunk Driving 3.National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse 4.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 5.Alcohol Health & Research World 6.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Analysis 7.The Century Council

31. Stages of Alcoholism STAGE ONE: Can begin even with just “social drinking” Starts to become necessary to deal with stress Drinks to get drunk Makes excuses Called a problem drinker by others

32. Stages of Alcoholism STAGE TWO: Can’t stop drinking Physically dependant on the drug May drink alone Defensive behavior Develops a high tolerance Performance at work / school drops

33. Stages of Alcoholism STAGE THREE: Drinking is the most important thing to them Drinking is the most important thing to them Aggressive Aggressive Malnutrition Malnutrition Delirium Delirium Reverse tolerance Reverse tolerance A condition in which less and less alcohol can cause intoxication A condition in which less and less alcohol can cause intoxication

34. Characteristics of Alcoholism Greater Tolerance: Drinks more and more for the same effect. Eventually, has trouble stopping drinking once he or she starts. Blackouts: Has no recall of things that were said or done while drinking Denial: Tries to deny alcohol is a problem. May even abstain for a while to “prove” that he or she is not addicted

35. Characteristics of Alcoholism cont.. Personality changes: May be tense, irritable, moody. May isolate self and lose ambition, causing problems at home, school and work May be tense, irritable, moody. May isolate self and lose ambition, causing problems at home, school and work Obvious un-controlled drinking: Continues to drink despite painful and destructive effects on health, career, and personal relationships Continues to drink despite painful and destructive effects on health, career, and personal relationships Other indications: May gulp drinks, sneak drinks, drink in the morning or when alone, or suffer malnutrition and delirium May gulp drinks, sneak drinks, drink in the morning or when alone, or suffer malnutrition and deliriumCodependency: May live with alcoholics and center their energy on the alcoholic May live with alcoholics and center their energy on the alcoholic

38. Organizations to HELP A.A. (Alcoholics Anonymous): share experiences, strengths, and hope to solve problem from those recovering from alcoholism A.A. (Alcoholics Anonymous): share experiences, strengths, and hope to solve problem from those recovering from alcoholism Al-anon: helps family members & friends of problem drinkers of offering comfort, hope and friendship. Al-anon: helps family members & friends of problem drinkers of offering comfort, hope and friendship. Alateen: for younger family members who live in an alcoholic situation. Will help them deal with problems. Alateen: for younger family members who live in an alcoholic situation. Will help them deal with problems.

39. The End