1. Starter The authors of the Articles of Confederation established a decentralized political system mainly to A. A.Cancel state debts incurred during the Revolutionary war B. B.Assist the southern states in their efforts to gain manufacturing base C. C.Promote the common goal of national sovereignty D. D.Prevent the abuses of power that had existed under British Rule

2. Labor Unions What is a labor union? What is the purpose of labor unions? How have they improved working conditions over the last century? How do labor unions and management solve disputed issues?

3. Labor Unions A group of workers who band together to have a better chance to obtain higher pay and better working conditions. A labor union consists of workers in a factory, company, profession, or geographic area. Unions negotiate a contract with the employer and monitors the contract’s terms

4. Regulations In the past some unions supported the closed shop, where a worker must belong to the union to be hired for a specific job. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 banned most closed shops In a union shop the worker joins the union after being hired. Today there are 21 states that have banned union shops. Worker in a modified union shop do not have to join the union to work for that employer.

5. Labor-Management Conflict Often labor unions and management disagree on the terms of their contracts. Often the negotiations focus on wages, benefits, work hours, and work rules. If the two sides can’t agree, they often use mediation (third party non-binding) and arbitration (third party binding agreement)

6. Labor-Management Conflict To pressure management to accept new terms of a contract, union workers will go on strike (refuse to work). To retaliate, management can stage a lockout (refuse to let workers work until give in) or hire scabs (non union workers to replace striking workers). Sometimes scabs become the new permanent employee.

7. Foldable Types of Businesses 1. Sole Proprietorship: Define Advantages Disadvantages Examples 2. Partnership: Define Advantages Disadvantages Examples 3. Corporation: Define Advantages Disadvantages Examples 4. Cooperative: Define examples