2. Nucleic Acids

3. Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types: – DNA – RNA Blueprint to build a car Protein built from DNA instructions

4. Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types: – DNA – RNA Composed of smaller units called nucleotides – Monomer: Nucleotide – Polymer: Nucleic acid nucleotide monomer Nucleic acid (polymer)

5. Nucleotide Structure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids nucleotide monomer Nucleic acid (polymer)

6. Nucleotide Structure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids Three parts – Sugar molecule – Phosphate group – 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acids

7. 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor 1. How many nucleotides are pictured? 2. What is this long chain of nucleotides called? 3. Name the blue shaped pentagon molecule. 4. What are these individual monomers called? 5. What will these instructions be used to create? A G C T T G Six Nucleic acid Sugar Nucleotides Protein

8. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides Four nitrogen bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine Chargaff’s Rules: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G (can you predict the missing bases?) Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein T C G A C

9. 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7

10. Ribonucleic Acid Single chain of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine A C U U G

11. Ribonucleic Acid Single chain of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosome Instructions to build protein Physically builds the protein

12. 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor MonomerPolymer CarbohydratesA?B? ProteinsC?Protein LipidsD?Lipid Nucleic acidsE?Nucleic acid monosaccharidepolysaccharide Amino acid Fatty acid Nucleotide

13. Kobe Kuiz 1)Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base 2)Name the monomer of nucleic acids. 3)How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? 4)Name the three parts to a nucleotide. 5)What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? 6)If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? 7)How are DNA and RNA different?