1. Development and Energy in Africa (DEA) project SUMMARY BY PETER P. ZHOU EECG, BOX 402339 GABORONE, BOTSWANA TEL/FAX +267-3910127 pzhou@global.bw

2. Presentation  BASED ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THE CASE STUDIES  CAUSAL CHAINS-ISSUES OF OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS  BASELINE ISSUES  LESSONS & WAYFOWARD  BEYOND ENERGY INTERVENTIONS

3. CASE STUDIES SNTHESIS

4. Table 3.1 Selected Case Studies for each of the DEA participating Countries CountrySelected case Study BotswanaGrid Rural electrification supported by the Rural Electrification Collective Scheme GhanaGrid-based rural electrification MaliWomen Renewable Energies Project SenegalPROGEDE (focus on improved stoves) TanzaniaSmall-scale irrigation using solar and wind energy ZambiaSolar Energy Supply Companies (ESCOs) TanzaniaImproved Cook Stoves- impact analysis[1][1] [1] Undertaken for a dissertation by student of Oxford University applying the Preliminary AF

5. Case study synthesis  Background ( what abt, how implemented, funded and objectives)  Assessment approach & Methodology  Causal chain  Results- given as narration and summarized in Tables  Stakeholder perspectives- on case study results and AF  SEE WEBSITE

6. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 

8. Examples of intervention complexity   Single technology, single purpose – wind-driven water pump with sole purpose for irrigation    Single technology, multi-purposes - rural solar PV charge stations offering battery charging services for cell phones, battery operated lamps, and other battery operated electronics    Multi-technology, single purpose – Solar PV and diesel powered water pumps for rural irrigation   Multi-technology, multi-purposes - grid electrification provides lighting, communication, and entertainment for homes, irrigation for agricultural sector, lighting and refrigeration for health sector and lighting for schools.

9. World Bank, 2000 COUNTRY CASE STUDY CAUSAL CHAINS, OUTCOMES & IMPACTS

10. BOTSWANA

13. GHANA

15. MALI

21. SENEGAL

23. TANZANIA-WIND/SOLAR PUMPS Tanzania

25. TANZANIA ICS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

27. ZAMBIA ESCOS

29. ANSWER  Causal chain crucial- clarity-better impact interpretation  Outcomes CONSISTENTLY immediate to community/household  Impacts CONSISTENTLY national development  Identify link between impacts and MDGs

30. BASELINE ISSUES

31.  BASELINE CRUCIAL  BASELINES NOT A SIMPLE ISSUE FOR PROJECTS ALREADY IMPLEMENTED  RECOSTRUCTION POSSIBILITIES  -BEFORE AND AFTER CAN BE RECONSTRUCTED-Use of recall method for baseline widely used-some info easier than others  WHERE BASELINE NEEDED BEFORE HAND

32. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

34. LESSONS  Expected results- don’t always occur  Quantitative indicators can be marred by uncertainty-  Poor project planning and M&E also exposed

35. ADVICE  AIM FOR CREDIBLE RESULTS-OPEARTE IN REALM OF DEVELOPMENT STAKEHOLDERS  USAGE OF FAMILIAR LANGUAGE TO DEVELOPMENT STAKEHOLDERS  AVOID CROSS-LINKAGES UNLESS OBVIOUS  AVOID Long winded deductions with no data to back up  COMPONENTS OF CAUSAL CHAIN TO INCLUDE STAKEHOLDERS,& CRITICAL FACTORS (SE LATER PAGE)

37. APPLICATION AREAS FOR AF  AF ADAPATABLE TO PROJECT DESIGN/ PLANNING & M&E- THROUGH CAUSAL CHAIN, STAKEHOLDER NEEDS AND INVOLVEMENT  WITH RIGHT DATA AND DEFINED BASELINE-AF FOR OUTPUTS TO IMPLEMENTERS/FUNDERS; OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS FROM TARGET GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES  AF SEEN TO BE RELEVANT BEYOND ENERGY INTERVENTIONS

38. OTHER APPLICATIONS  e. Monitoring and Evaluation  Assess the monitoring and evaluation set up, the role of the external monitoring consultant and make recommendations for a self-financing monitoring and evaluation arrangement, managed by SADC institutes, after the end of Phase 3.  Define impact measures/indicators to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the program as well as its impact on national and regional levels during Phase 3 and beyond.

41. TOURISM ORGANIZATION-TOR  REPOSITIONING OF O.P.  INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION  FUNDING PROPOSALS  M&E FRAMEWORK