1. Case Studies in the Hospitality Industry Weissinger│ Knapp
Chapter 1
LODGINGS:
YESERDAY AND TODAY
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Computer Systems Institute
Standardization of CSI processes, decision making abilities, ensuring that CSI managers are in alignment with CSI vision, goals and policies.

2. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Outline
Ancient History
The Industry Today
Classic Greek and Roman days
Alternative Lodgings
Bible References
Government Influence
Growth of Industry
Middle Ages
Trends
Colonial Period
Nineteenth Century
Spas and Resorts
Luxury Hotels
The Twentieth Century
Other Noteworthy Innkeepers
Tourist Courts
The Great Depression and World War II
Advent of Air Travel
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

3. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Learning Objectives
Discuss the history of the lodging industry from ancient to modern times.
Describe the post roads and taverns where George Washington slept in his travels along the eastern coast of the United States.
Cite the names of several famous people who influenced the hotel industry.
Discuss how the introduction of railroads, automobiles, and air travel affected the lodging industry.
Describe governmental influence on the lodging industry in the United States and other countries.
Understand the future trends of the industry.
Chapter 1
Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

4. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Ancient History
Classic Greek and Roman Days
In ancient Rome the inns were large mansions
Owners would not allow guests to stay unless they carried a letter of eviction (permission to travel from government officials)
Romans (legionnaires and civil officials) built monuments to their civilization throughout Europe in their exploration and expeditions
Taverns were called “tabernas”
The attached inn was called a “cauponas”
Caravansaries – Near East accommodations that surrounded large courtyards
Bible References
Most famous inn is in Bethlehem
Jacob and his brother traveled in Judea and set up areas within inns where travelers could bring their own supplies (similar to today’s Eastern khans)
And she brought forth her first-born son…
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

5. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Middle Ages
Chauser speaks of the Tabard Inn (London), a fine hostelry of the 1300s, in his Canterbury Tales
The host of the Tabard Inn accompanied pilgrims on their journeys and listened to their stories
They ate at table d’hote (menu with prices) and settled their reckoning (hotel bill)
Hostelers
Inn holders
Term was first used in 1473
Originated from the old French word ostel
Meaning gradually shifted from “owner” to “inn servant”
Hotel industry grew during the Crusades
Hostel (Inn) – Modern usage: accommodations of lesser quality
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

6. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Colonial Period
Public Coach Service
Public coach service was put into effect around 1650
The coaches ran between major cities and stopped wherever passengers wanted
Coach inns were built along the routes primarily at points where teams of horses were changed
The British used the word ordinary to describe such inns
United States Postal Service
Established in 1710
Primary routes were between major towns along the Atlantic Coast (post roads)
Entrepreneurial farmers converted their farm houses to inns along the post roads
Coach passengers slept in the hostel’s long room with their feet toward the fire
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

7. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Nineteenth Century
Influence of Railroads on Hotel industry
Introduction of railroads had a great influence on the hotel/motel industry
Depot hotels began to arise along the railroad tracks in the Western world during the early 1800s (connected directly to train station)
Spas and resorts
Spas – mineral springs or pools believed to be medicinal or healthful
Accessible by rail in the early days in The US and Western Europe
Resorts such as The French Riviera became the “place to go”
Niagara Falls; Greenbriar at White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia, the Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia; and the Cloister at Sea Island, Georgia are legendary resorts that exist today
Tomas Cook was considered the first travel agent and arranged his first tour in 1841
Luxury Hotels
The opening of the Tremont hotel in the nineteenth century was a benchmark for the hotel industry
Cesar Ritz opened a line of hotels in London, Paris, New York, and other cities
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

8. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Twentieth Century
Legendary Name in the Hotel Industry – E.M. Statler
The Great Depression and World War II
Opened his first hotel in Buffalo, New York, in 1907
Many smaller motels went bankrupt during the Great Depression (early 1930s)
Catered to business travelers
Thousands of people travelled through the United States during WWII
Other Noteworthy Innkeepers
Conrad Hilton – “King of the Innkeepers”, opened the Mobley, the first hotel in Texas, in 1919
New hotels were built near all major military bases and industrial areas
Howard Johnson
Willard Marriot
Advent of Air Travel
Kemmons Wilson – founder of Holiday Inn
Air travel was available to the masses after the war
Business travelers became the most important lodging guests
Tourist Courts
Groups of cabins for automobiles (early motor homes) where travelers could spend the night
Resorts offered package plans in conjunction with airlines
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

9. Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
The Industry Today
Alternative Lodging
Growth of the Industry
Campgrounds
50% of the US economy this decade is devoted to service oriented business
Bed and Breakfast (B&B)
Renovated Harems now serve as hotels in the Middle East
Today there are more than 45,000 hotels, motels, motor lodges, and resorts in the US
“Treetops” – rooms in a huge tree are available in Africa
International business boom, economic prosperity, and a desire for broadening cultural and social knowledge promise great growth in the tourism industry
Ryokans – inexpensive lodgings in Japan
Boatels – accommodations on a boat (Queen Mary, Long Beach Cal.)
Trends
Government Influence
Mega-mergers are spawning large hotel companies
Governments apply, enforce, and establish…
Independently owned property is disappearing
Sanitation and safety rules
Reimbursement rates for government employee travel
Electronic communications are a necessity
Extended stay hotels
Chapter 1
Lodgings: Yesterday and Today