1. Students with Learning Disabilities Oral Communication: Speech and Language

2. Language versus Speech Language –Socially shared code for representing concepts through the use of symbols and rule-governed combination of those symbols Speech –Actual mechanics or motor act of producing sounds in language

3. Language Disorder Student exhibits difficulty or delay in learning language or is learning language in a nontypical sequence –Aphasia –Acquired aphasia –Developmental or childhood aphasia –Specific language impairment –Language-learning disability

4. Approaches to Language Disorders Etiological-categorical approach –Convenient, label allows for services, guideline for intervention –Label is limiting, does not fit in all settings, difficult to relate to educational interventions Descriptive-developmental approach –Identifies strengths and weaknesses –Does not clarify how to intervene, disregards important factors, ignores label requirement for placement in schools

5. Language Components Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics

6. Language Difficulties Across Groups Preschool and kindergarten Elementary Secondary Bilingual and culturally diverse students

7. Language Skills Assessment Formal Language Assessment –Screening tests –Diagnostic tests Informal Language Assessment –Curriculum-based measurement

8. Language Service Delivery Models Pullout Classroom-Based Strategies-Based

9. Language Teaching Strategies Direct Instruction Responsive Interaction Approach Milieu Intervention –Modeling –Mand-model procedure –Time delay procedure –Incidental teaching procedure

10. Increasing Language Comprehension and Production Imitation and Modeling Storytelling Elaboration Natural conversation Well-planned environment