1. COMMUNITY CELLULAR NETWORKS KURTIS HEIMERL SHADDI HASAN

2. COLLABORATORS

3. ME

4. SO WHAT IS IT THAT WE DO HERE?

5. ESSENTIALLY… We build cell phone towers and technologies for places that do not currently have them. Many reasons for this… Economics Policy Etc…

6. WHAT’S A CELL TOWER? You may expect this…

7. WHAT’S A CELL TOWER? But it’s actually this.

8. Base Transceiver Station getting smaller and cheaper 500k USD -> 10k USD 1 kW -> 70W So on… Suddenly in the range of individuals/entrepreneurs. MOORE’S LAW IN ACTION

9. OUR WORK EXPLORES… 1.Technology Technological changes required to realize this vision of a distributed cellular network Technological changes required to bring these networks to the billions currently without cellular coverage Systems for supporting the customization of small scale cellular networks

10. OUR WORK EXPLORES… 1.Technology 2.Policy Policy and regulatory changes required to support these networks and allow them to interoperate and coexist

11. OUR WORK EXPLORES… 1.Technology 2.Policy 3.Social Sustainable deployment of these technologies in real world populations

12. Virtual Coverage [1]: We added a hardware switch to control the power amplifier. This allows us to save power at night and further reduce power draw of the BTS. [1] Expanding Rural Cellular Networks with Virtual Coverage NSDI ‘13 TECH – POWER SAVINGS

13. Village Base Station [2] – Set of scripts to enable extreme customization of network to specific communities. Includes: SMS Voice Naming Routing Etc… [2] Local, Sustainable, Small-Scale Cellular Networks ICTD’13 TECH – PROGRAMMABILITY

14. Nomadic GSM [3]: Technique for allowing unlicensed system to utilize fallow spectrum in GSM bands for cellular operation Core techniques: Phones scan Constant migration Self-handover [3] GSM Whitespaces: An Opportunity for Rural Cellular Service DySPAN ‘14 POLICY – GSM WHITESPACES

15. Burning Man 2011, 2012… We run a full telco for the BM community providing outbound connectivity on the Playa SOCIAL - DEPLOYMENTS

16. Papua, Indonesia 2012 Ongoing deployment in collaboration with local school [2]. Full market economy, generating revenue for local participants and providing basic communications to an area without coverage. [2] Local, Sustainable, Small- Scale Cellular Networks ICTD’13 SOCIAL - DEPLOYMENTS

17. Papua, Indonesia 2012 Also deployed virtual coverage in the same community [4]. [4] An Experiment in Reducing Cellular Base Station Power Draw With Virtual Coverage DEV 4 SOCIAL - DEPLOYMENTS

18. SOCIAL - SUSTAINABILITY

19. Growth RateProfit 0 users/month$368.31 2 users/month$400.71 5 users/month$433.11 10 users/month$478.47

20. FIN SHADDI@CS.BERKELEY.EDU HTTP://CS.BERKELEY.EDU/~SHADDI