1. Deep retrofits: You get what you pay for Leslie Kramer, Stanford University and Jonathan Schoenfeld, kW Engineering June 17, 2014

2. Whole Building Energy Retrofit Program Deep retrofits in highest energy using buildings on campus Maximizes energy savings in each building within cost-effectiveness criteria Looks at a package of measures: no cream skimming Big payoffs from in-depth energy audit, advanced control strategies, and relentless performance testing.

3. WBERP Process Supplemental and Pre-Construction Studies ConstructionCommissioning Phase 1&2 Studies M&V Plan Bid Documents Construction & Commissioning Support M&V Report Consulting Engineers Contractors Review Studies Construction and Commissioning Support 1 st Year Tuning and Monitoring Persistence Tracking Achieve ROI Stanford Team

4. Savings of $3.5 million per year to date Total cost $14.6 million to date PG&E rebates of $2 million Overall simple payback period under 4 years Results

5. Case Study: Packard $400,000/year energy cost 3 stories and a basement Faculty and grad student offices and dry labs Built in 2000 Chilled water, steam and electricity from Stanford’s central plant 122,500 gross square feet 4 Air Handlers, 212 VAV boxes 12 fan coils for additional cooling VAV boxes controlled by pneumatic thermostats DDC control of air handlers INITIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS: NOT BAD!

6. Energy Audit Process  ASHRAE Level I  Rough savings estimates  Go/No-Go decision for measure analysis  Level II (Measure Analysis)  Limited trend review  Calibrated eQUEST Model

7. Audit Findings  No-cost Measures  Increase zone setpoints for unoccupied rooms  Schedule how water pumps  Low-cost Measures  Daylighting controls  Eliminate air handler heating coil operation when economizing  Zone Level DDC Conversion  Deadband thermostats  Pressure and Supply Air Temperature Resets  Zone scheduling and override

8. Zone Level DDC Implementation Options  Design-Bid-Build  Develop request for proposal (RFP) for design  Develop design documents  Bid construction  Design-Build  Develop RFP  Bid design-construction  Design-Assist with Performance Specification  Energy consultant develops performance specification  Bid design-construction

9. Performance Specification Development Input from Multiple Parties –Stanford Facilities Energy Management Team –Stanford Energy Management & Control Systems (EMCS) –ACCO & Sunbelt Controls –kW Engineering Key Contents: –Equipment specifications –Hardware installation including control hardware locations and wiring pathways –System integration –System architecture & control schematics –Sequence of operations

10. Basis of Energy Savings VAV box w/ New DDC controls Existing Air Handling Unit (AHU) Cooling, Heating, Damper Requests Airflows Supply air temp. (SAT) and duct static pressure (DSP) setpoints Schedule & Setpoints SAT & Status Existing DeltaV Control System New DDC Thermostats with 4°F deadband Improved scheduling with standby mode DSP & SAT reset Global zone setpoint control for curtailment Energy Savings

11. Ensuring Persistence of Performance Fully programmable controllers NiagaraAX Framework Distech Controls Spare I/O & controller memory Flexibility & Future Growth Floor level maps color coded by temp./damper Zone summaries in tabular format Intelligent alarming Quality components Diagnostics Submittal review Detailed functional testing of 10% sample 72 hour trend review of additional sample 3 rd party Cx Agent Commissioning

12. Commissioning Findings (UPDATE Graphic)

13. Verified Energy Savings Figure 3: Relationship between chilled water usage data and CDD

14. Verified Energy Savings Figure 4: Relationship between steam usage data and HDD

15. Verified Energy Savings

16. Efficiency Measures Still Available Global temperature adjustment Occupancy based scheduling

17. Take-Aways Private, not-for -profit institution 8,500 acres Oldest buildings from 1890s Santa Clara County is the main jurisdiction >14 million square feet, 700 buildings ~$70 million annual utilities spend Deeper savings require a comprehensive approach Even relatively new buildings may have out-of-date control systems that are wasting energy A detailed specification ensures maintenance and energy savings persist Consider using energy-experts with input from all parties to specify, commission and verify control systems

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