1. How The Sun Works Brady Gurley

2. The Sun: What it’s made of -~70% Hydrogen -~28% Helium -~1.5% Carbon, Nitrogen, & Oxygen -~0.5% Other Elements (Neon, Iron, Silicon, Magnesium, and sulfur)

3. How does the sun burn? -Would it burn out? -The sun “burns” through nuclear reactions. -Has been burning for more than 4.5 billion years

4. The Parts of the Sun -Core -Radiative Zone -Convection Zone -Photosphere -Chromosphere -Corona -Solar Flare -Coronal Hole -Sunspots -Prominence

5. The Core -25% of Sun’s Radius -Temperature: ~27 million degrees Fahrenheit -Gravity of Sun pulls mass in -Hydrogen atoms forced together -Energy is emitted in Ultraviolet Light, X-rays, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwaves, and Radio-waves. -Solar Wind emissions

6. Sun’s Radiative Zone -45% of Sun’s Radius -Carries out Protons from Core -Protons pass through gas molecules (which are about a micron apart) 1 Micron = 1,000,000th of a Meter

7. Sun’s Convection Zone -30% of Sun’s Radius -Convection Currents - carry energy outward to surfaces - Hot gas rising upwards - Faster than Radiative Zone - 100,000 to 200,000 years to reach surface

8. Sun’s Atmosphere -Photosphere -Chromosphere -Corona

9. Photosphere -l owest region of atmosphere -visible to human eye -180-240 miles wide -~5,800 degrees Kelvin -Bubbly/Grainy texture -Temperature Drops in Photosphere (Less light energy)

10. Chromosphere -Extends above the photosphere ~1,200 mi -Temperature ~4,500-10,000 degrees Kelvin -Spicules (Hot gas spikes) - Rise ~3,000 miles above photosphere - follow magnetic lines of the sun

11. Corona -Final Layer of the Sun -Extends several million miles out -X-ray’s and solar eclipses aid to see Corona -~2million degrees Kelvin -Dark Coronal Holes - Solar wind escapes

12. Sunspots -Dark areas that appear on the photosphere -Intense Magnetic Fields -11 Year Solar Cycle of Sunspots - Sunspot activity - Warping of Magnetic Field

13. Solar Prominences -Gas clouds from the Chromosphere -2-3 Months lifespan -Erupt for Minutes to ~an hour -Extend ~30,000 miles above sun’s surface -Coronal Mass Ejections (~600 mps) -cause technological disturbances

14. Solar Flares -Violent, Abrupt explosions -Quick Magnetic Field Changes -caused by complex grouping of sunspots

15. Reference -http://science.howstuffworks.com/sun.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/sun.htm -http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2011/08/12/the-brightest-stars- doomed-fro/http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2011/08/12/the-brightest-stars- doomed-fro/ -http://www.decodedscience.com/whats-around-the-sun-is-our-sun-in-a- vacuum/32050http://www.decodedscience.com/whats-around-the-sun-is-our-sun-in-a- vacuum/32050 -http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/4-What-is-the-Sun-made-of-http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/4-What-is-the-Sun-made-of- -http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/sun/prominences.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/sun/prominences.shtml