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Tal Lavian Optical Networking & DWDM.

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Presentation on theme: "Tal Lavian Optical Networking & DWDM."— Presentation transcript:

1 Tal Lavian tlavian@eecs.berkeley.edu Optical Networking & DWDM

2 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 2 Optical Networks & DWDM Agenda Technology and market drivers Abundant bandwidth Underline the Internet is optical networking What is WDM? Where are the bottlenecks? Architecture and protection Summary Backup slides Underline technologies Protection Rings

3 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 3 Optical Networks & DWDM Fast Links, Slow Routers SouSSrce: SPEC95Int & David Miller, Stanford. Processing PowerLink Speed (Fiber) Source: Prof. Nike McKeown, Stanford

4 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 4 Optical Networks & DWDM Fast Links, Slow Routers 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 1985199019952000 Fiber Capacity (Gbit/s) TDMDWDM Processing PowerLink Speed (Fiber) 2x / 2 years2x / 7 months Source: SPEC95Int & David Miller, Stanford. Source: Nike McKeown, Stanford

5 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 5 Optical Networks & DWDM Evolving Role of Optical Layer 10 Gb/s transport line rate TDM WDM Service interface rates equal transport line rates Year 85 90 95 2000 OC-48 135 Mb/s 565 Mb/s 1.7 Gb/s 4 2 8 Transport system capacity 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 Data: LAN standards Ethernet Fast Ethernet Gb Ethernet 10 Gb Ethernet Data: Internet backbone T3 T1 OC-3c OC-12c OC-48c OC-192c 32 Capacity (Mb/s) OC-192 160 Source: IBM WDM research

6 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 6 Optical Networks & DWDM Breakthrough...Bandwidth Cost per Gigabit Mile 199319982002 Moore’s Law 1984199419982001 Optical Capacity Revolution 50 Mbps 2.5 Gbps 1.6 Tbps 320 Gbps 6.4 Tbps Wavelengths will become the communications circuits of the future... Source: Nortel marketing

7 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 7 Optical Networks & DWDM Agenda Technology and market drivers Abundant bandwidth Underline the Internet is optical What is WDM? Where are the bottlenecks? Architecture and protection Summary Backup slides Underline technologies Protection Rings

8 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 8 Optical Networks & DWDM Abundant Bandwidth Why does this change the playground? Optical core bandwidth is growing in an order of magnitude every 2 years, 4 orders of magnitude in 9 years 1992 – 100Mbs (100FX, OC-3) 2001 – 1.6Tbs (160 DWDM of OC-192) OC-768 (40Gbs) on single is commercial (80Gbs in lab) 2-3 orders of magnitude bandwidth growth in many dimensions Core – Optical bandwidth - (155mb/s  1Tb/s) Core Metro – DWDM optical aggregation – (2.4Gb/s  N*10Gb/s) Metro – Access for businesses (T1  OC3, 100FX, 1-Gb/s) Access – Cable, DSL, 3G – (28kb/s  10mb/s, 1.5mb/s, 384kb/s) LAN – (10mbp/s  10Gbp/s)

9 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 9 Optical Networks & DWDM Why Does This Matter? How do these photonic breakthroughs affect us? This is a radical change to the current internet architecture WAN starts to be no longer the bottleneck How congestion control/avoidance affected? Why DiffServ if you can get all the bandwidth that you need? Why do we need QoS? Why do we need cache? (if we can have big pipes) Where to put the data? (centralized, distributed) What changes in network architecture needed? What changes in system architecture needed? Distributed computing, central computing, cluster computing Any changes to the current routing?

10 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 10 Optical Networks & DWDM Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the optical side This is one of the problems of the current telecom market Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access $1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities) This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price point Reasonable price drive more users (non residential)

11 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 11 Optical Networks & DWDM Agenda Technology and market drivers Abundant bandwidth Underline the Internet is optical What is WDM? Where are the bottlenecks? Architecture and protection Summary Backup slides Underline technologies Protection Rings

12 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 12 Optical Networks & DWDM Our Concept of the Internet

13 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 13 Optical Networks & DWDM Access Long HaulAccessMetro Internet Reality

14 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 14 Optical Networks & DWDM SONET Data Center SONET DWD M Access Long HaulAccessMetro Internet Reality

15 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 15 Optical Networks & DWDM What is WDM? Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) acts as “optical funnel” using different colors of light (wavelengths) for each signal Data Channel 2 Data Channel 3 Data Channel n Data Channel 1 Optical Fibre Source: Prof. Raj Jain Ohio U

16 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 16 Optical Networks & DWDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing Source: ??

17 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 17 Optical Networks & DWDM Agenda Technology and market drivers Abundant bandwidth Underline the Internet is optical What is WDM? Bottlenecks Architecture and protection Summary Backup slides Underline technologies Protection Rings

18 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 18 Optical Networks & DWDM The Access Internet Dial up xDSL Cable ATM STSx POS Ethernet Wireless DS-x/OC-x

19 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 19 Optical Networks & DWDM Access The Access Bottleneck T1 up to OC3 Enterprise Core Internet Glut of 10Gb N x GigE Dial-up, DSL, Cable Home PC – 100Mb/s

20 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 20 Optical Networks & DWDM Characteristics of Metro Network Centers Access POP Express Rings Access Rings Collector Rings Local Loop Secondary CO Primary CO/ IXC POP Distance between nodes0-10Km5-10Km5-120Km # of fibers/conduit12-3612-14412-144 # of sites passed1-10 # of nodes /ring2-44-84-8 SONET RatesOC-1/3/12OC-12/48OC-48/192 TopologiesPt-pt,Pt-pt, Pt-pt, 2f UPSR2f UPSR, 2f BLSR, BLSRDWDM Traditional InterfacesDS1, DS3DS1, DS3DS3, OC-n Interconnect: DS1/EC-1 BWM level: DS1/VT1.5 Matched Nodes: 5-10% Interconnect: DS3/OC-n BWM level: DS3/STS1 Matched Nodes: 0-5% Source: Nortel’s Education

21 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 21 April, 1998 Optical Networks & DWDM 21 Unidirectional path switched rings Working Protection Ring Node

22 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 22 Optical Networks & DWDM Protection example A B C D Idle Ring A B C D Protected Ring

23 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 23 Optical Networks & DWDM If we had the bandwidth… What if we all had 100Mb/s at home? Killer apps, other apps, services Peer-to-peer video swapping Is it TV, HDTV, something else? What if we had larger pipes at businesses? 1Gbs home office, 10GE/DWDM large organizations How would the network architecture look, if we solve the last mile problem?

24 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 24 Optical Networks & DWDM DWDM – phenomenal growth Abundant bandwidth Underline optical technologies The access is still bottleneck Reliability and protection Summary

25 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 25 Optical Networks & DWDM It blindsides us all... us all... When a base technology leaps ahead in a dramatic fashion relative to other technologies, it always reshapes what is possible It drives the basic fabric of how distributed systems will be built “Blindsided by Technology” Source – Nortel’s marketing

26 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 26 Optical Networks & DWDM Cisco optical site www.nortelnetworks.com www.lucent.com IBM optical research IETF OIF Stanford – Prof. Nick McKeown Ohio U – Prof. Raj Jain References

27 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 27 Optical Networks & DWDM The Future is Bright Imagine the next 5 years.

28 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 28 Optical Networks & DWDM Imagine it 5 years from now? There are more questions than answers. There is Light at the end of the Tunnel

29 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 29 Optical Networks & DWDM Backup Slides

30 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 30 Optical Networks & DWDM Wavelength – a new dimension growth Optical multiplexing Regenerators and Amplifiers WDM system benefits Filters Ad Drop Multiplexes DWDM underline technologies

31 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 31 Optical Networks & DWDM Multiplexing Options Total Capacity = TDM x WDM 1 … N TDM Electrical multiplexing 50Mb/s to 10Gb/s data services Electrical bandwidth management flexible trib to aggregate time slot allocation flexible aggr. to aggr. time slot allocation flexible trib to trib connection WDM (or DWDM) Optical Multiplexing Up to 160 wavelengths today 2.5G, 10G, & 40G per Optical bandwidth management Wavelength add & drop 2.5G 10G 40G 50Msb 155 Mb/s 622Mb/s 2.5 Gb/s 1 N..

32 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 32 Optical Networks & DWDM Regens and Optical Amps Optical Amplifier (Gain) Input Signal Output Signal + Noise RxTx SONET Overhead Input Signal Output Signal Regenerator Problems Noise injected with each amplifier No access to SONET overhead (transparent)

33 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 33 Optical Networks & DWDM WDM System Benefits Lower equipment cost Lower operating cost Increased fiber capacity Shorter turn-up time 4 amplifiers, 1 fiber pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 N 600 Km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 N 120Km 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 60Km 600 Km 72 regenerators, 8 fiber pairs

34 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 34 Optical Networks & DWDM Fiber-Bragg Gratings PORT A PORT B PORT D PORT C Wavelength From port A to port D From port A to port C dB

35 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 35 Optical Networks & DWDM Add Drop&continue Protected Add/Drop Pass Thru Protected Drop Add/Drop Side Ring Side Add Drop Multiplexer

36 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 36 Optical Networks & DWDM Common Protection Rings Source: “SONET – Second Edition” UPSR (Unidirectional Path Switched Ring) BLSR (Bidirectional Line Switched Ring) BLSR/4 (4-Fiber, Bidirectional Line Switched Ring)

37 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 37 Optical Networks & DWDM UPSR – Unidirectional Path Switched Ring NE3NE4 Signal sent on both working and protected path Best quality signal selected Sending TrafficReceiving Traffic NE1 send data to NE2 OC-3 NE1NE2 Outside Ring = Working Inside Ring = Protection

38 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 38 Optical Networks & DWDM UPSR – Unidirectional Path Switched Ring NE3NE4 Signal sent on both working and protected path Best quality signal selected Receiving TrafficReply Traffic NE2 replies back to NE1 OC-3 NE1NE2 Outside Ring = Working Inside Ring = Protection

39 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 39 Optical Networks & DWDM BLSR – Bidirectional Line Switched Ring NE3NE4 Sending/Receiving Traffic Sending/Receiving Traffic OC-12 OC-1 through OC-6 OC-7 through OC-12 NE1 send data to NE2 & NE2 replies to NE1 NE1NE2 Both Rings = Working & Protection

40 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 40 Optical Networks & DWDM BLSR/4 – Bidirectional Line Switched Ring w/4-Fiber NE3NE4 Sending/Receiving Traffic Sending/Receiving Traffic OC-48 NE1NE2 NE1 send data to NE2 & NE2 replies to NE1 2 Outside Rings = Working 2 Inside Rings = Protection

41 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 41 Optical Networks & DWDM Example of a new Bottleneck LAN CO 10/100 LAN SONET Access Ring Access Ring DWDM NNI 2NNI 1 LAN Long Haul

42 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 42 Optical Networks & DWDM OC-3/OC-12 Access rings OC-48/OC-192/Metro Backbone Rings CO/PoP OC-3/OC-12 Access rings Access and Metro Networks?

43 Berkeley Nov 19, 2001 - 43 Optical Networks & DWDM Recent DWDM Records 32 l x 5 Gbps to 9300 km (1998) 64 l x 5 Gbps to 7200 km (Lucent’97) 100 l x 10 Gbps to 400 km (Lucent’97) 16 l x 10 Gbps to 6000 km (1998) 132 l x 20 Gbps to 120 km (NEC’96) 70 l x 20 Gbps to 600 km (NTT’97) 128 l x 40 Gbps to 300 km (Alcatel’00) 1022 wavelengths on one fiber (Lucent’99) Ref: Optical Fiber Conference 1996-2000 (Raj Jain)

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