1. Flow Measurements Identify an effect that depends on flowrate
Mixing of two streams
Feed rate into a combustion chamber
Heat exchangers
Velocity
Flowmeters
Size
Accuracy
Media
Cost
Pressure drop
Pressure losses

2. Bucket Flow Meter

3. Rotameter Force balance Drag Force Gravity Buoyancy

4. Turbine Flow Meters

5. Doppler / Ultrasonic Flowmeter

6. Magnetic Flowmeter Faraday’s Law
Conductive fluid moving through a magnetic field induces a voltage.

7. Thermal Mass Flowmeter

8. Vortex Shedding
Non-streamlined object placed in the middle of a flow stream
Vortices are shed alternately downstream of the object.
Frequency of the vortex shedding is directly proportional to the velocity of the liquid flowing in the pipeline.
Ultrasonic, electric, or fiber optic transducers

9. Obstruction Flow MetersΔp
Sharp-Edged Orifice Q Δp
Long Radius Q
Nozzle Δp Q
Venturi

10. Flow through a Nozzle a.) Continuity mass in = mass out
b.) Bernoulli’s equation
Total pressure is constant throughout
If incompressible fluid (like water):

11. Bernoulli’s Equation
Bernoulli’s Equation for Total Pressure

12. Flow through a Nozzle

13. Flow through a Nozzle Y = Compressibility Factor
=1 for incompressible flow or when DP<< Pabs
C= Discharge Coefficient
=f(Re) and
nature of specific flow meter

14. Airfoil Lift

15. Pitot Tube

16. Pitot Tube

17. Flow Types – Reynolds Number
Reynolds number is a ratio of inertial to viscous flows
Re < 2000 – Laminar Flow
Re > 4000 – Turbulent Flow

18. Nozzle Flowmeter Example

19. Car Example Rick Perry is holding a Chick-Fil-A Cup out a car window.
Texas is basically at sea level (102,325 Pa); (1.225 kg/m3)
Somehow, Rick also has a pressure gauge facing in the direction of travel reading 680 Pag.
How fast is the car going (mph)?