1. HPArch Research Group

2. |Part 2. Overview of MacSim Introduction For black box approach users |Part 3: Details of MacSim For computer architecture researchers |Part 4. MacSim-SST case studies Ocelot-MacSim case studies Research using Ocelot Research using MacSim MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

3. |Heterogeneous architecture simulator (x86+PTX) |Developed from Georgia Tech |Trace driven simulator Internal RISC style micro-op generation module X86 traces – using Pin, PTX traces – using GPUOcelot |Cycle-level simulator Cores, caches, memory systems are modeled |Support various simulations - single/multi-threaded application, multi-program, heterogeneous (CPU+GPU) MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

4. |Flexible design to support various platforms |Integration with a parallel simulator (SST) to support high- performance computing systems |From mobile to Exascale computing systems MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

5. X86 binaries CUDA code (.cu) Open GL code PIN (API Generator) PIN (API Generator) PIN Trace Generator PIN Trace Generator NVCC (Compiler) NVCC (Compiler) GPUOcelot Trace Generator GPUOcelot Trace Generator Attila (OpenGL Emulator) Attila (OpenGL Emulator) Heterogeneous Architecture Timing & Power Simulator Heterogeneous Architecture Timing & Power Simulator PTX code Prof. Yalamanchili (Georgia Tech) Instruction Thread information Ongoing Work MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

6. |Getting MacSim Stable version – google code project http://macsim.googlecode.com/files/macsim-1.0.tar.gz http://macsim.googlecode.com/files/macsim-1.0.tar.gz Latest code from SVN repository |Directions are explained in http://code.google.com/p/macsim/wiki/GettingMacsim http://code.google.com/p/macsim/wiki/GettingMacsim |How to build http://code.google.com/p/macsim/wiki/BuildingMacsim Chapter 2 of manual provides an instruction to build README file in the simulator directory MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

7. |Macsim package IRIS (NoC simulator from Prof. Yalamanchili’s group) is included CPU trace generator  Download PIN separately. Trace generator tool is in the MacSim Package GPU trace generator  Download Ocelot Separately. Trace generator is in the Ocelot’s package |MacSim-SST SST needs to be downloaded separately |Energy Introspector (From Prof. Yalamanchili’s group) EI is a power model based on McPAT, HotSpot. Because of McPAT license issue, currently EI cannot be distributed, but we will resolve this issue soon MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

9. |Once build process is successful, binary will be created in macsim-top/trunk/bin/macsim |Screenshot of a simulation |Now, How to configure simulation models ? MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

10. |Knob variables need to set up (3 ways) Default value in the source code Params.in Command line Core type 1 Core type 2 Core type 3 Core type 1 Core type 2 Core type 3 Core type 1 Core type 2 Core type 3 Core type 1 Core type 2 Core type 3 Core type 1 Core type 2 Core type 3 Memory MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

11. num_sim_cores 4 // 4 cores num_sim_small_cores 0 num_sim_medium_cores 0 num_sim_large_cores 4 max_threads_per_large_core 2 large_core_type x86 repeat_trace 1 num_sim_cores 4 // 4 cores num_sim_small_cores 0 num_sim_medium_cores 0 num_sim_large_cores 4 max_threads_per_large_core 2 large_core_type x86 repeat_trace 1 |Configuration 4 cores 2-way SMT param./macsim –num_sim_cores=4.def params.in commandline MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

12. |To configure CPU+GPU arch. Set up number of cores and type accordingly num_sim_cores 8 // 4 CPUs + 4 GPUs num_sim_small_cores 4 // 4 GPU num_sim_medium_cores 0 num_sim_large_cores 4 // 4 CPUs core_type ptx // specify small cores large_core_type x86 cpu_frequency 3 gpu_frequency 1.5 repeat_trace 1 num_sim_cores 8 // 4 CPUs + 4 GPUs num_sim_small_cores 4 // 4 GPU num_sim_medium_cores 0 num_sim_large_cores 4 // 4 CPUs core_type ptx // specify small cores large_core_type x86 cpu_frequency 3 gpu_frequency 1.5 repeat_trace 1 |Usually, we use small core for GPU and large for CPU |GPU has internally multiple processing elements (N-wide SIMD) MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

13. |Multiple Applications Set up from trace_file_list MCF GCC MM thread 1 MM thread 1 MM thread 2 MM thread 2 Blackscholes 4 <-- number of applications /sample/mcf/trace.txt <- appl 1 /sample/gcc/trace.txt <- appl 2 /sample/mm/trace.txt <- appl 3 /sample/blackscholes/trace.txt <- appl 4 4 <-- number of applications /sample/mcf/trace.txt <- appl 1 /sample/gcc/trace.txt <- appl 2 /sample/mm/trace.txt <- appl 3 /sample/blackscholes/trace.txt <- appl 4 MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

14. |Execution time for each application is different. |Provide an option to enable repeat short traces until the longest trace ends |Whether it’s the right way to simulate? mcf gcc bfs Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

15. |Sample configuration files in macsim-top/trunk/params File nameContents params_8800gtGeForce 8800 GT (G80) params_gtx280GeForce GTX 280 (GT200) params_gtx465 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 465 (Fermi) params_gtx465GeForce GTX 465 (Fermi) params_x86Intel’s Sandy Bridge (CPU part only) params_hetero_4c_4gIntel’s Sandy Bridge (CPU + GPU) MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

16. |Thread spawn is modeled. |Lock is not modeled. GPU Kernel invocation core Main thread Threads spawn Barrier Host thread core MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

17. |It will be covered in Part-III |Trace generator will generate thread execution information is automatically. |Users do not need to worry about this. MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

18. |MacSim has 5 different clock domains CPU GPU Last-level cache Interconnection network DRAM # Clock clock_cpu 3 clock_gpu 1.5 clock_l3 1 clock_noc 1 clock_mc 1.6 # Clock clock_cpu 3 clock_gpu 1.5 clock_l3 1 clock_noc 1 clock_mc 1.6

19. |X86 instructions are mapped to uops |PTX instructions are mapped to uops (almost 1-1 mapping) |Pipeline stages Pin XED Macro instructions with decoded information from Pin’s XED MacSim Trace decoder uops Timing/ power simulator Timing/ power simulator MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012) Memory Front-end Decode Rename ScheduleExecutionRetire

20. |Front-end, DEC/Rename: Just a simple FIFO queue. fetch_latency 5 // front-end depth alloc_latency 5 // decode/allocation depth width // pipeline width (same width for all the pipeline) bp_dir_mech gshare bp_hist_length 14 // branch history length |Rename: create RAW dependency (map structure) rob_size 96 // ROB size |Scheduler // in-order scheduler, ooo scheduler schedule io, ooo // instruction scheduling policy MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

21. |Execution latency Fixed uop latency (macsim-top/def/uop_latency_[x86,ptx].def) Variable latency: Cache/Memory latency |Instruction scheduling rates isched_rate 4 // # of integer inst. that can be executed per cycle msched_rate 2 // # of memory inst. that can be executed per cycle fsched_rate 2 // # of FP inst. That can be executed per cycle MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

22. |Cache configuration # of sets, # of associativity, line size, # of banks, etc. (See manual) |Cache size = # of sets x assoc x line_size x # of tiles |DRAM configuration Frequency, bus width, column/activate/precharge latency # of Memory controllers, # banks, # channels, row buffer size, DRAM scheduling policy Simple, but fast DRAM model that models key features |MacSim is connected with DRAM-SIM2 Users can use DRAM-SIM2 for a detailed DRAM timing simulation L3 only MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

23. |Statistics Simulation outputs: *.stat.out macsim/trunk/def file has stat definition (more details in Part-III) |Important Stats IPC = INST_COUNT_TOT/CYC_COUNT_TOT CPI = CYC_COUNT_TOT/INST_COUNT_TOT |Per Core stats IPC for core 0  INST_COUNT_CORE_0/CYC_COUNT_CORE_0 |Multiple applications stats *.stat.out. e.g.) memory.stat.out.0, bp.stat.out.1 Each stat file contains stats only for the first running (repeated simulations are ignored) MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

24. |Memory Systems L[1-3]_HIT_CPU/L[1-3]_HIT_GPU L[1-3]_MISS_CPU/L[1-3]_MISS_GPU |Front-end BP_ON_PATH_[CORRECT/MISPREDICT/MISFETCH ] |Instruction profiling Based on instruction category. inst.stat.out |More details regarding statistics are in the documentation |We will provide simple script file to fetch stat data MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

26. |Multi-threading support is already there. |Different ISAs: using micro-ops |Warp ? One warp is treated as one thread. Each thread generates its own trace file. Active bit information is included Trace format will be explained in Part-III |Thread and block scheduling Block-level barrier, block-level scheduling/retirement More details will be explained in Part-III |Different memory structures Memory systems MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

27. |Include the memory access by each thread of a warp as a separate instruction in the trace |In trace, mark these accesses as coming from the same warp SIMD load instruction Addr 0 Addr 1 Addr 2 Addr 3 Addr 4 Addr 5 Addr 6 Addr 7 CoalescedUncoalesced Mem inst with 128B size 64B Request 32B Req. TraceInst TraceInst_begin TraceMem1 TraceMem2 TraceMem3 TraceInst_end Trace file start of memory instruction marker end of memory instruction marker MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

28. |During simulation, form a “parent” uop that holds all the individual memory accesses as its child uops |Parent uop flows through the pipeline, only in the memory stage, the individual children uops are issued to the memory Parent uop is ready for retirement when all children have completed TraceInst_begin TraceMem1 TraceMem2 TraceMem3 … TraceMemN TraceInst_end Trace file start of memory instruction marker end of memory instruction marker MacSim uop addr0 addr1 addr2 addr3 addr4 addr5 … … addrN Mem_type: ld #children: 8 Parent uop Children uops MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)

30. |IRIS (From Prof. Yalamanchili’s group) Flit-level interconnection network simulator Virtual channel, credit-based flow control deadlock-avoidance, … Part-IV will cover more. |MacSim-SST Parallel simulation Node Topology (Ring, Mesh, Torus,..) router MacSim Tutorial (In ISCA-39, 2012)