1. Background of Mobile App Development North Carolina A&T State University

2. “The explosion in access to mobile phones and digital services means that people everywhere are contributing vast amounts of information to the global knowledge warehouse. Moreover, they are doing so for free, just by communicating, buying and selling goods and going about their daily lives.” Ban Ki-moon U.N. Secretary General

3. OS for Telephones Smartphones have an operating system that is just as complex as a desktop or laptop Telephones are often said to have limited resources, although they are not that limited Over 106 million people in the United States owned smartphones in 2012 [L2ThinkTank] Smartphone sales make up 59% of total handset sales, 62% in the 25-34 age range as of 2011 [Wikipedia]

4. [Wikipedia]

5. Explosive Growth In 2006, Android, iOS, Windows Phone and Bada did not exist Only 64 million smartphones were sold in 2006 As of 2011, nearly 10 times as many smartphones were sold annually

6. First Smartphone The IBM Simon Personal Communicator was the first smartphone in 1992 Originally priced at $899 $1358 in today’s dollars Had a calendar, address book, calculator, note pad, e-mail and games

7. Phone OS 2013 [Wikipedia]

8. Separation Some phone OS separate the “computer” functionality from the “telephone” functionality Programs on these systems cannot make phone calls Other phone OS allow programs access the full hardware of the device

9. Android OS Android is an operating system for telephones Open Source system from Google Android is the fastest growing phone OS

10. Google's mission is “to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful” The unofficial company slogan is “Don't be evil”

11. Why Google is in the Phone Market?

12. Overview of Android

13. Kernel Android is built on the Linux kernel, but Android is not Linux Many standard Linux features are not included Patch of “kernel enhancements” to support Android Linux provides memory and process management, security and device drivers Linux is open source

14. Dalvik - Android Virtual Machine Dalvik is a different type of Java Virtual Machine Java programs are compiled to a different set of instructions Optimized to run on slow-cpu, low-RAM, low-power devices None of the above really apply now runs.dex files (not.class/.jar)

15. Interpreting Java Applications on Android are written in Java After the Java program is compiled, the Java Jar file is converted to a new format called Dex (Dalvik EXecutable) The Java byte codes are converted to Dex byte codes

16. Dex File Entire Jar file with multiple classes are converted to a single Dex file The merging of multiple class files into one Dex file reduces significant redundancy Dex file is often less than half the size of normal Jar file, even more than compressed Jar

17. Law Suits On August 12, 2010, Oracle sued Google over claimed infringement of Java copyrights and patents for $6.1 billion In May 2012 the jury found Google not guilty Almost every phone maker has sued every other phone maker

18. Beyond the Phone Both Google and Apple have table computers based on their phone OS A tablet does everything a phone does, except act as a phone What is a small device?

19. Google Glass Google has made a wearable computer with optical display It runs the Android OS

20. Apps for Android Phones Apps for Apple phones and tablets are written in Objective-C Apps for Microsoft phones and tablets are written in C# Android apps are written in Java

21. Limited Java Android apps are written with Java Most standard Java language features are supported Does not support the java.awt, javax.swing packages or applets The features available to an Android app developer depend on the version of Android

22. XML Android uses the eXtended Markup Language to specify details about an Android app XML is similar to HTML – HTML defines how a webpage should appear – XML defines how data should be stored XML is used to save – App layout – Strings in the program – Configuration information

23. Tools for Developing Android Apps

24. Resources Abound If you Google for Android development tools, you will find lots to help you A useful tutorial can be found at: https://developer.android.com/training/basics/ firstapp/index.html

25. Patience noun [pey-shuh ns] an ability or willingness to suppress restlessness or annoyance when confronted with delay You need patience when dealing with Android development The Android emulator is one of the slowest programs in common use

26. Start a new Project in Android Studio Click start a new project Make up an application and domain name

27. Form and Version Select Phone and Tablet as the target device Select the minimum SDK Select Blank Activity

28. SDK Levels Android is rapidly developing and changing Each new version of Android has a new level of the Application Programmer Interface (API) Newer levels have more advanced features Older levels run on more phones

29. Android Levels Code nameVersionAPI level Lollipop5.1API level 22 Lollipop5.0API level 21 KitKat4.4 - 4.4.4API level 19 Jelly Bean4.3.xAPI level 18 Jelly Bean4.2.xAPI level 17 Jelly Bean4.1.xAPI level 16 Ice Cream Sandwich4.0.3 - 4.0.4API level 15, NDK 8 Ice Cream Sandwich4.0.1 - 4.0.2API level 14, NDK 7 Honeycomb3.2.xAPI level 13 Honeycomb3.1API level 12, NDK 6 Honeycomb3.0API level 11 Gingerbread2.3.3 - 2.3.7API level 10 Gingerbread2.3 - 2.3.2API level 9, NDK 5 Froyo2.2.xAPI level 8, NDK 4

30. Files Created MyActivity.java – Java source code for the Activity class activity_my.xml - XML layout file for the activity. Android Studio shows both the XML and a preview of the screen build.gradle – various files to build the app resources/ - directory of files used by your program, including Strings

31. The Secret Handshake To run your Android apps on your phone, you should turn on the developer features Enable USB debugging on your device – On most devices running Android 3.2 or older, you can find the option under Settings > Applications > Development. – On Android 4.0 and newer, it is in Settings > Developer options. Note: On Android 4.2 and newer, Developer options is hidden by default. To make it available, go to Settings > About phone and tap Build number seven times. Return to the previous screen to find Developer options.

32. Gradle Open source tool to build programs Android studio uses Gradle to build apps – Decides what files need to be compiled – Merges changes from XML and Java NetBeans uses Ant, a different open source

33. Running the App Click the run button in Android Studio to run the program You can run the app on a real phone or with the Android Emulator On a Windows system, you must first download a device driver to connect your phone to your laptop