1. 1 Chapter Overview Ethernet FDDI Wireless Networking

2. Example 2

3. MAC address On the card- supposed to be fixed I/G – individual or global (broadcast) G/L – global or local address 3

4. 4 Ethernet Standards Ethernet is the most popular local area network (LAN) protocol operating at the data- link layer. There are two sets of Ethernet standards: DIX Ethernet Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.3

5. 5 DIX Ethernet Standards DIX Ethernet. Also known as thick Ethernet, ThickNet, or 10Base5 DIX Ethernet II. Retains 10Base5 and adds 10Base2 (thin Ethernet)

6. 6 IEEE 802.3 Standards IEEE 802.3. 10Base5, 10Base2, and 10Base-T IEEE 802.3u. Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3z and IEEE 802.3ab. Gigabit Ethernet A lot more lately – ready wikipedia for a recent list, the latest is to define 100 Gbit/s, many utilizes all four pairs of wire.

7. 7 DIX Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 Components Physical layer specifications Frame format CSMA/CD MAC mechanism

8. 8 Standard 10-Mbps Ethernet Specifications DesignationCable TypeTopologyMaximum Length 10Base5RG-8 coaxialBus500 meters 10Base2RG-58 coaxialBus185 meters 10Base-TCategory 3 UTPStar100 meters Fiber Optic Inter- Repeater Link (FOIRL) Multimode fiber optic Star1,000 meters 10Base-FMultimode fiber optic Star500–2,000 meters

9. 9 Fast Ethernet (100 to 10 G Mbps) Specifications DesignationCable TypeTopologyMaximum Length 100Base-TXCategory 5 UTPStar100 meters 100Base-T4Category 3 UTPStar100 meters 100Base-FXMultimode fiber optic Star412 meters Up to 10GSee book (page 115) Mostly StarUp to 40 Kilo-meters

10. 10 Gigabit Ethernet (1,000 Mbps) Specifications DesignationCable TypeTopologyMaximum Length 1000Base-TCategory 5 or 5E UTPStar100 meters 1000Base-LXVarious multimode fiber optic Star550–5,000 meters 1000Base-SXVarious multimode fiber optic Star220–500 meters 1000Base-LHSinglemode fiber opticStar10 kilometers 1000Base-ZXSinglemode fiber opticStar100 kilometers 1000Base-CX150-ohm copperStar25 meters

11. 11 Coaxial Ethernet Standards 10Base5 (thick Ethernet) 10Base2 (thin Ethernet)

12. 12 Coaxial Network Characteristics Runs at 10 Mbps Uses the bus topology Uses mixing segments

13. 13 Mixing Segments

14. 14 UTP Network Characteristics Runs at various speeds up to 10Gbps Uses the star topology Requires a hub/Switch Uses link segments

15. 15 Link Segments

16. 16 Fiber Optic Ethernet Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL) IEEE 802.3 fiber optic standards: 10Base-FL 10Base-FB 10Base-FP 100Base-FX Gigabit Ethernet standards 10 Gb Ethernet standards

17. 17 The 5-4-3 Rule A standard network can have no more than FIVE segments, connected by FOUR repeaters, of which no more than THREE segments can be mixing segments.

18. 18 A Coaxial 5-4-3 Network

19. 19 The Ethernet Frame Format

20. Ethernet_II and 802.3 messages 20

21. 21 Media Access Control (MAC) Is the mechanism that enables multiple computers to use the same network medium without conflicting

22. 22 CSMA/CD Phases PhaseDescription Carrier senseA computer listens to the network before transmitting. Multiple accessWhen the network is clear, the computer transmits the packet. Collision detectionThe computer checks for signs of a collision. If one occurs, it retransmits the packet.

23. 23 Collisions Collisions are also called signal quality errors. They are normal on Ethernet networks. The frequency of collisions increases as network traffic increases. Late collisions are a sign of a serious problem. Collision domain – a segment of network that can may collide with each other. It is different from a broadcasting domain

24. The difference between hub and switch Hub broadcast Switch is one to one, still support broadcast, CSMA/CD still is necessary Hub is, mostly, at the physical layer Switch is at the Data-Link layer 24

25. Channel Bonding Using of multiple connections to have fault tolerance and performance gain 25

26. 26 Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Characteristics First commercial 100-Mbps fiber optic protocol Uses the token passing MAC mechanism Supports both singlemode and multimode cable

27. 27 FDDI Topologies Double ring Logical ring Dual ring of trees

28. 28 Dual Ring of Trees

29. 29 IEEE 802.11 Standards IEEE 802.11a. Speeds of 1 to 2 Mbps IEEE 802.11b. Speeds of 5.5 to 11 Mbps IEEE 802.11g. Speeds up to 54 Mbps IEEE 802.11n. Speeds up to 150 Mbps IEEE 802.11ac up Gbps IEEE 802.11ad 7Gbps

30. 30 IEEE 802.11 Topologies Ad hoc. Wireless computers communicating with each other Infrastructure. Wireless computers using an access point to communicate with a cabled network What is the latest? -- 802.11ad