2. Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

3. Presentation Outline What is WLL? Differences with mobile cellular systems Why WLL? System Analysis examples The future of WLL

4. Definition What is WLL? - WLL is a system that connects subscribers to the local telephone station wirelessly. Systems WLL is based on: Cellular Satellite (specific and adjunct) Microcellular Other names Radio In The Loop (RITL) Fixed-Radio Access (FRA).

5. WLL services Desirable: Wireless feature should be transparent Wireline Custom features Other: Business related Call transfers Conference calling Calling cards, coin phones

6. 1.Top quality service 2.Expand from a central to about five miles 3.Low licence cost 4.Subscriber cost equivalent batter than copper

7. Code division multiple access Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. It should not be confused with the mobile phone standards called cdmaOne, CDMA2000 (the 3G evolution of cdmaOne) and WCDMA (the 3G standard used by GSM carriers), which are often referred to as simply CDMA, and use CDMA as an underlying channel access method.channel access methodmobile phone standardscdmaOneCDMA20003GWCDMAGSM

8. Depends on Economic devlopment Existing in frastructures of a region Offers Market competetion Quick devlopment

9. 1.The qualcomm sandard is IS-95 marketed as CDMA one 2.CDMA has been used in the OMNITRACKS satelite system for transparation logistic

10. GSM Introduction: Short for Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM is a digital cellular communications system. It was developed in order to create a common European mobile telephone standard but it has been rapidly accepted worldwide. GSM is designed to provide a comprehensive range of services and features to the users not available on analogue cellular network s and in many cases very much in advance of the old public switched telephone network (PSTN). In addition to digital transmission, GSM incorporates many advanced services and features like worldwide roaming in other GSM networks.

11. 2 Supplementary Services: The supplementary services basically consist of call forwarding and call barring. 2.1 Call Forwarding: The Call Forwarding Supplementary Service is used to divert calls from the original recipient to another number, and is normally set up by the subscriber himself. It can be used by the subscriber to divert calls from the Mobile Station when the subscriber is not available, and so to ensure that calls are not lost. A typical scenario would be a salesperson turns off his mobile phone during a meeting with customers, but does not with to lose potential sales leads while he is unavailable. 2.2 Call Barring: The concept of barring certain types of calls might seem to be a supplementary disservice rather than service. However, there are times when the subscriber is not the actual user of the Mobile Station, and as a consequence may wish to limit its functionality, so as to limit the charges incurred. Alternatively, if the subscriber and user are one and the same, the Call Barring may be useful to stop calls being routed to international destinations when they are routed. The reason for this is because it is expected that the roaming subscriber will pay the charges incurred for international re-routing of calls. So, GSM devised some flexible services that enable the subscriber to conditionally bar calls.