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One of America’s most loved and hated Presidents
Andrew Jackson One of America’s most loved and hated Presidents
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What we Already Know about JACKSON
Homegrown man from TN Battle of New Orleans Takeover of Spanish Florida Crazy Duels, Gambling Protection of Women Loses Presidency in Corrupt Bargain of 1824
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Rise of a democratic society 1830s
Mixed classes Ate together at hotels One-class travel Widespread belief in “equality” White males “self-made” Feminists come later
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Change in politics Who dominated politics from 1790s-1820s?
BIG CHANGES Lower and middle class participation State suffrage laws Political parties Campaign methods Improved education Newspaper circulation
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Revolution of 1828 John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson
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Revolution of 1828 Jackson wins easily Adams seeks reelection
“Elitist, unpopular, not right for the common people” Jacksonians have new campaign method: MUDSLINGING Smearing the President’s name, retaliating with negativity Jackson: “Adam’s wife was born out of wedlock!” Adams: “Jackson’s wife committed adultery!” 3x number of voters participated compared to 1824 Jackson wins easily Carries all western states; “war hero and a man of the western frontier”
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Jackson, A man of the People
Our first “self-made” president Famous self-trained general Symbol of the working class No college education Against the rich Frugal Jeffersonian; limited federal power, states rights
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Jackson, by john marszalek
How does Marszalek describe Jackson? Why does he state that Jackson could never be elected during our time? What happened to Rachel Jackson? How did it affect President Jackson? Give 2 examples of Mudslinging. What makes Jackson a nationalist? What about a defender of state’s rights? What was the Petticoat Affair? How did it impact Jackson? What was rotation in office and how was it used during Jackson’s Presidency?
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Political Reforms Universal Male Suffrage Rise of 3rd parties
No more property/religious qualifications Party Nominating Conventions Open to popular participation Popular Election of President Voters choose a state’s slate of presidential electors Two Party System Organized campaigns on a large scale basis Rise of 3rd parties More elected offices Popular campaigning Spoils System/Rotation of Offices Dispensing government jobs in return for party loyalty
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The Nullification Crisis
Supported states rights but not disunion Jackson continues policy of protective tariffs by supporting the 1828 Tariff of Abominations South Carolina is unhappy, declares tariff unconstitutional John C. Calhoun proposes nullification
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John c. Calhoun: an introduction
Originally a Presidential candidate; settled for Jackson’s VP Agreed with 1828 Tariff; changed opinion because it hurt the agrarian south Advocated for nullification instead of secession Joined with Clay later on with the Compromise Tariff Left VP position after Jackson’s first term
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Nullification crisis 1832: SC holds special convention to nullify Tariff of and 1832 Jackson: Force Bill Military action is not taken; Congress negotiates and lowers tariff; SC backs down Impact: Strong defense of federal authority Foreshadowing: anti- slavery alarm a growing concern
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Jackson vs. the national bank
Jackson hates the national bank-why? The National Bank helps keep the states in check Congress proposes renewing the bank for 20 years, the bill passes but Jackson vetoes the bill Jackson also destroys the bank (though its charter had not expired) and invests the money in state banks Called Pet Banks because Jackson rewarded his political allies
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Andrew Jackson’s Real Abomination
Sympathized with land-hungry Americans Most humane soluton: compel all American Indians to resettle west of the Mississippi Pushed Congress to approve the Indian Removal Act, funding the government’s forced relocation of American Indians 1836: Bureau of Indian Affairs created
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Jackson’s speech to Congress
“It will separate the Indians from immediate contact with settlements of whites; free them from the power of the States; enable them to pursue happiness in their own way and under their own rude institutions; will retard the progress of decay, which is lessening their numbers, and perhaps cause them gradually, under the protection of the Government and through the influence of good counsels, to cast off their savage habits and become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community.”
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Indians fight back The Cherokee, one of the five civilized tribes, fought back in a very civilized way– suing the federal government Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831 Worcester v. Georgia 1832 Samuel Worcester; minister John Marshall (Chief Justice) and Supreme Court rule in favor of the Cherokee GA ignores ruling…
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Andrew Jackson’s response to John Marshall— “Marshall has made his opinion, now let him enforce it.” What does this mean? Significance?
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Jackson and American Indians
Essentially, Jackson ignores the Supreme Court and ignores the checks and balances that are supposed to limit his power Extreme racism at the time; many supported Jackson and he was never held accountable President Martin Van Buren enacts the Trail of Tears because of the Indian Removal Act
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New Political Parties Jackson’s followers call themselves the Jacksonian Democrats, or just the Democrats
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New Political parties Democrats Whigs American System
Local rule Limited government Free trade Equal economic opportunity Opposed monopolies, national bank, high tariffs, and high land prices Southerners, westerners, small farmers, urban workers American System Opposed immorality, vice and crime New Englanders, mid Atlantic/upper Middle- Western states, Protestants, middle class urban workers
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Jackson: a common man? Debate
Andrew Jackson claimed throughout his presidency to be a proponent of the “common man” but did he reflect that title? YOU DECIDE! Using the information in you notes, readings, and textbook, argue your team’s stance on Jackson’s presidency. To what extent was Andrew Jackson truly a common man?
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COMMON MAN DEBATE Questions to Consider Events to Consider Jackson’s background (home life, growing up, Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Indian battles) Universal male suffrage Indian removal National Bank Veto Pet banks Nullification Crisis Peggy Eaton Affair Spoil system Rotation of office holders Was he a reflection of the new democracy emerging in the country? How might he have influenced this new ideology himself? How do we measure Jacksonian Democracy in light of his treatment of groups such as Native Americans?
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