1. The rise of Jacksonian Democracy
AGE OF JACKSON
The rise of Jacksonian Democracy

2. “Champion of the Common Man”
Jackson’s Legacy???
“Champion of the Common Man”
“King Andrew”

3. Who was Andrew Jackson?
Born March 15, 1767 to parents who immigrated from Ireland
Believed to be the first president born in a log cabin
His father was killed in a logging accident before Andrew was born
Was a westerner (raised in Tennessee)
Grew up extremely poor

4. Who was Andrew Jackson?
Joined a militia during the American Revolution at the age of 13
He and his brother Robert were captured by the British and held aboard a warship
Andrew’s face was slashed by a redcoat officer after he refused to shine the officer’s shoes
He and his brother contracted smallpox while held prisoner by the British; his brother died
His mother served as a nurse to the prisoners aboard the British war ship; she contracted cholera and died
Andrew Jackson was an orphan by the age of 14

5. Who was Andrew Jackson? Became a country lawyer in Tennessee
Joined the military in 1801 and fought during the War of 1812
Became a national war hero for his leadership and victory at the Battle of New Orleans
Was an Indian fighter on the western frontier

6. Who was Andrew Jackson?
Became a well-respected politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1796), U.S. Senate (1797), Tennessee Supreme Court Judge ( )
Was a planter, slave owner, and merchant at his home The Hermitage, near Nashville, Tennessee
The Hermitage

7. Who was Andrew Jackson?
He was hot-tempered and had been involved in many duels throughout his life
He was a gambler who would bet on anything
The first presidential assassination attempt was made on President Jackson

8. Who was Andrew Jackson?
Married to Rachel Jackson, who had previously been married to another man
People treated Rachel very badly, and Andrew had lots of enemies because of the unfair treatment of his wife
Rachel died in 1828, two weeks after Jackson was elected president
He believed she died of a broken heart

9. Who was Andrew Jackson?
Andrew Jackson had the nickname of “Old Hickory”
Why? It was believed that he was as tough as an old hickory stick (nothing could break him)

10. Election of 1824 1. Four men ran for president in 1824 Andrew Jackson
Henry
Clay
John Quincy Adams
William Crawford

11. Election of 1824
Results

12. Election of 1824
2. No one wins enough electoral votes to be named the winner
So who decides the winner?
House of Representatives
Who did they choose?
John Quincy Adams

13. Election of 1824
3. Jackson accuses Adams and Clay of a “corrupt bargain”
Henry Clay was Speaker of the House and supported Adams for President
Adams named Clay as the Secretary of State

14. Political Changes in the 1820s
Democratic-Republicans
Federalists as
Whigs
Democrats

15. Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson easily defeats John Quincy Adams to become the 7th president of the U.S.

16. Executive Branch 1828 President Andrew Jackson
Vice President John C. Calhoun

17. Democratic Changes Under Jackson
Voting Rights
States eliminated the requirement of property ownership, so white males over 21 could vote

18. Democratic Changes Under Jackson
Choosing a President
Nominating conventions were held within political parties, giving the people more choice in who their candidate was

19. Democratic Changes Under Jackson
Campaigning Methods
Candidates held rallies, dinners, and public meetings; ordinary citizens were even invited to Jackson’s inauguration

20. Spoils System
Causes
President should be the voice of the common people
Supporters of Jackson were appointed to government positions
Permanent government officials led to office corruption

21. Spoils System Effects Average citizens had more voice in government
Rewarded for their loyalty because they cared about Jackson’s agenda
Changed people holding office more frequently to prevent corruption

22. Jacksonian Democracy Causes End of property qualifications for voters
Spoils system
New forms of campaigning

23. Jacksonian Democracy Effects Expanded suffrage
Aimed to eliminate corruption caused by the rich
Politics became accessible to the ordinary person

24. Nullification

25. Nullification

26. Jackson vs. Native Americans
Before he was president, Andrew Jackson spent time on the western frontier fighting various Indian tribes
He proposed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, to move all tribes west of the Mississippi River
The Native Americans would agree to move west in exchange for money, rifles and provisions from the federal government
The Cherokee refused this proposal and remained in Georgia, claiming they were a nation separate from that of the United States

27. Jackson vs. Native Americans
Georgia passed a law in 1830 forbidding white people from living among the Indians without a license from the governor
Samuel Worcester was a Christian missionary living among the Indians and was put in prison for 4 years
He sued to obtain his freedom, and his case went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court

28. Jackson vs. Native Americans
Worcester v. Georgia (1832) ruling from Chief Justice John Marshall
The Cherokee were their own community (nation)
The laws of Georgia had no force on Cherokee lands
Thus, Worcester should be set free and the Cherokee should be left alone by the state of Georgia

29. Jackson vs. Native Americans
Jackson ignored this ruling and forced the Cherokee to move west of the Mississippi River anyway!
In 1837, federal troops escorted 16,000 Cherokee Indians during the harsh winter to their new home in “Indian Territory” (now Oklahoma)
¼ died from starvation, freezing, and sickness

30. Jackson vs. Native Americans
The 800-mile journey of the Cherokee was known as the “Trail of Tears”

31. Trail of Tears

32. THOUGHT SPOT
Describe the differences between the land the Cherokee lived on in Georgia and the land they were forced on to in Oklahoma.

33. Georgia Landscape

34. Oklahoma Landscape

35. Complete an APARTY analysis of this political cartoon (need handout)
Pre-AP Analysis
Complete an APARTY analysis of this political cartoon (need handout)
Title: “Andrew Jackson as the Great Father”
Andrew Jackson, legs crossed, sits in an armchair, holding two diminutive Native Americans on his lap. Six diminutive Native Americans sit or stand on the patterned rug at Jackson's feet, looking up at him. A framed picture of Columbia, holding a spear and with her foot on the head of a fallen foe, hangs on the wall in the background. A table on Jackson's right holds a scroll, a book, and two quill pens.
The cartoon depicts his position on Native American governmental policies and sarcastically portrays him as a kind ‘father-figure’ to disenfranchised Native Americans. This cartoon, commenting on President Jackson’s passage of the Native American Removal Act five years earlier, attempted to infuse humor into our sometimes brutal political processes.

38. Pre-AP Assignment
Turn to the back of your packet.
Read the information regarding your assignment.
Due Thursday, February 14th

39. Jackson vs. National Bank
The National Bank was created by Alexander Hamilton in 1796 with the purpose of:
Organizing the federal government’s money
Allowing the Federalists to control who received loans from the government
Challenges to the National Bank were dismissed by the Supreme Court, who gave validity to it in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

40. Jackson vs. National Bank
Andrew Jackson hated the bank for the following reasons
Thought the bank was too powerful
It gave advantages to people who were already rich instead of the poor
Believed only states should be able to charter banks within their borders – not the federal government

41. Jackson vs. National Bank
Jackson decides to “destroy the monster”
1832 – He vetoed the charter extension of the National Bank
1836 – The charter officially expired
1841 – The National Bank went bankrupt
Many felt that Jackson overstepped his bounds in dealing with the National Bank, as he ignored the Supreme Court’s ruling

42. Jackson vs. National Bank

43. Life After the Presidency
Actual picture of Andrew Jackson one year before his death (in 1844)
Never remarried…died alone, in massive debt, and in his home, The Hermitage, which was falling apart

44. So just who is Andrew Jackson?
War Hero?

45. So just who is Andrew Jackson?
Champion of the Common Man?

46. So just who is Andrew Jackson?
King Andrew?

47. BEFORE THE TARDY BELL RINGS
Have out the following items on your desk:
Andrew Jackson notes
One sheet of notebook paper
Writing utensil (already sharpened, ready to write, etc.)
NOTHING ELSE (no books, binders, etc.)
If you are out of your seat and not ready to begin class when the bell rings, you will be counted as tardy

48. What do YOU think?
Was Jackson a the “Military Hero,” Champion of the Common Man,” or “King Andrew”?
You need to write one page explaining your thoughts on this topic.
Support your choice with at least 3 good reasons.
Remember…the more you support your feelings, the better your grade will be. Make your decision and support it.