1. MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINING TOPIC 4 EXTRA… CLICK HERE FOR MORE ON A TOPIC INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY- TIMBER ASSOCIATED THEORY

2. MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINING MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINING MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINING MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINING Introduction Safety Precautions Safety Precautions Power Tools Power Tools Slide Compound Saw Slide Compound Saw Plunge Router Plunge Router Fixed Machines Fixed Machines Lathe Accessories Lathe Accessories

3. Introduction Machine tools are powered by …………………. or …………………… air. Although most machine tools were developed as copies of hand tools there have been many machine tools that have no direct hand tool as a possible “ancestor”. Machine tools generally refers to machinery that is fixed to the …………… or ………… ……………… tools is the name commonly given to tools that are portable. They may be corded, i.e., connected to a power source or …………… i.e., driven by batteries. electricity compressed floorbench Power cordless INDEX

4. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEX Particular precautions should be taken with all machine or power tools. There are specific precautions for some tools but there are also general safety rules which should be observed at all times when using power tools. Eye Protection Eye protection must be worn when operating all machine or power tools.

5. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEX Adjustments Make sure all equipment is turned off before making adjustments, changing speeds or cutters etc. Caution: Switch off before adjustment

6. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEX Electrical Leads Inspect leads and plugs for fraying/melting. Check for electrical safety tag. Keep leads clear of cutters, blades, etc & off floor.

7. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEX Ear Protection Ear Muffs should only be worn when using loud machinery for extended periods of time. Alternatively ear plugs are easy to fit and comfortable.

8. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEX Dust Turn on the dust extractor. Wear a face mask with the correct filter when sanding or using the lathe.

9. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEX Securing Work Use clamps to prevent the project moving when using machine tools.

10. Safety Precautions INDEX Safety Instruction Listen to the teacher. Take notice of all warnings. Do not interfere with other students. Use power tools only the way you have been instructed.

11. Power Tools INDEX Drill (240 volt) Heavy duty hand drilling operations from approx. 5-20 mm. Usually with 2 speed gearbox and may have hammer action for drilling in concrete & bricks.

12. Power Tools INDEX Cordless Drill/Driver Drilling small holes (2-10mm) Also light screw driver application. Usually reversible, variable speed and with various torque settings.

13. Power Tools INDEX Belt Sander Heavy duty sanding of floors, or for removing a lot of timber quickly.

14. Power Tools INDEX Orbital Sander Fine sanding of large flat surfaces to remove scuff marks from planing.

15. Power Tools INDEX Biscuit Joiner Cuts a shallow recess on each edge of two pieces of timber to be glued together. Small thin “wafer” of timber inserted. EXTRA…

16. Power Tools INDEX Biscuit Joiner

17. Power Tools INDEX Circular Saw Not available for student use. Cutting timber to length, or breaking down large sheets of particleboard and plywood. EXTRA…

18. Power Tools INDEX

19. Power Tools INDEX Linisher/Disc Sander Linisher: Smoothing small flat areas or curved areas. Disc Sander: Smoothing end grain and convex curves

20. Power Tools INDEX Slide Compound Mitre Saw Childproof Safety Switch Angle Adjustment Rotating Table Fence Depth of cut Adjustment Tilt Adjustment Transparent Guard

21. Power Tools INDEX Precautions Keep hands clear of the blade. Hold work firmly against fence. Minimum length of wood, 200mm. Prevent blade contacting timber until blade has reached full speed. Wait until blade stops before removing timber. Housing joints may be cut with this machine.

22. Power Tools INDEX Plunge Router Depth of cut Adjustment Base plate Adjustable fence Chuck or collet Handle Speed Adjustment

23. Power Tools INDEX Precautions Hold router with both hands. Keep cord clear. Secure work in a vice or clamps. Prevent router bit contacting timber until it has reached full speed. Wait until bit stops before releasing hold of the router. Cutting a trench or groove. Trimming an edge.

24. Power Tools INDEX Router Bits These are known as “straight” router bits.

25. Power Tools INDEX Router Bits Classical Pattern A popular bit for forming a decorative edge on cabinet tops or skirting boards.

26. Power Tools INDEX Router Bits Rounding Over. Available in various sizes, i.e. radii, this bit is useful to create a soft rounded edge on handles or table tops. The bearing rides along the timber ensuring the bit cuts to a set depth.

27. Power Tools INDEX Router Bits Dovetail Bit Used to cut dovetail housing joints or used in conjunction with a dovetailing jig. EXTRA…

28. JOINTS Dovetail jigs are often used with a router.

29. Power Tools INDEX Router Bits Materials Router bits are made from High Speed Steel. The most expensive bits have tips that are made from tungsten carbide. Tungsten carbide bits must always be used with composite materials, eg. Particleboard & MDF (medium density fibreboard).

30. Power Tools INDEX Router Bits The maximum speed of this router is 23 000 rpm (revolutions per minute) How many times does it rotate in one second? 383

31. Fixed Machines INDEX These machine tools are either bolted to the floor or free standing if they are not subject to vibration. They are usually wired ………………………., and may be either single phase ( volts), or 3 phase ( volts). permanently 415 240 Computer controlled lathe Heavy engineering workshop

32. Fixed Machines INDEX Band Saw Top wheel guard Lower wheel guard Blade tensioning knob Table Upper blade Guide Guide Post Adjustment Bench Mount

33. Fixed Machines INDEX Band Saw Precautions Adjust upper guide 10mm above work. Keep hands clear of blade. Use a push stick for small work. Stay with machine until blade stops moving. WARNING! This machine also cuts meat!

34. Fixed Machines INDEX Pedestal Drill Pulley Guard Chuck Table Pulley Adjustment Feed Lever Column Table Height Adjustment Base

35. Fixed Machines INDEX Pedestal Drill Spindle Motor Fast spindle speed Spindle Motor Slow spindle speed The general rule for drilling in relation to drill size:Large Hole slow speed Small Hole fast speed

36. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Motor housing Tailstock Locking lever Hand Wheel Tailstock spindle Lock Revolving Centre Tool Rest Face Plate Headstock

37. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Keep adjusted close to the timber and on centre. Slow speed for roughing down. High speed for sanding. Look for splits and cracks or other defects that may indicate failure. Remove the tool rest and hold abrasive underneath work. Tool Rest Speeds Checking Timber Sanding

38. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Gouges Skew chisel ScraperParting off tool

39. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX The gouge is used for roughing to size and for turning coves or hollows. The skew chisel is used for smoothing flats & tapers and for cutting beads. The parting off tool is used for forming shoulders and cutting off excess ends.

40. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX BeadHollowTaper Typical Turned Sections

41. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Jacob’s chuck Forstner Bit Spade Bit Drilling In the Lathe

42. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Small Face Plate Large Face Plate Timber blanks can be screwed to a face plate & mounted on the main spindle. The size of face plate should be a little smaller than the stock being turned. EXTRA…

43. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Large Face Plate Small Face Plate Cup Chuck Screw Chuck

44. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Spur Centre: Spur Centre: Cup Chuck: A tapered chuck that allows small cups and vases to be turned. It screws onto the main spindle. Inserted into the main spindle this is shaped to hold the timber on centre & rotate it. Inserted into the tailstock this supports long work and rotates with the work.

45. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Jacob’s Chuck: Inserted into the tailstock and allows drilling of the work on centre.

46. Turning Timber On the Lathe INDEX Expanding Chuck: Screws onto the main spindle & grips a small recess or raised edge previously turned on bottom of bowl etc.

47. Miscellaneous Machine Tools INDEX Circular saw or Bench saw or Table saw (250mm)

48. Miscellaneous Machine Tools INDEX Scroll saw

49. Miscellaneous Machine Tools INDEX Planer or Thicknesser

50. Miscellaneous Machine Tools INDEX Jointer

51. Machine Tools INDEX The End of Topic 4.