1. A LTERNATIVE F UELS FOR C ELLULAR R ESPIRATION Glucose is not the only fuel for respiration

2. P ROTEINS ( LAST RESORT ENERGY SOURCE ) Proteins can be fuel if broken down into amino acids Amino acids transformed by liver enzymes into 4 – 5 carbon acids that enter Glycolysis or Krebs Cycle. *amino group removal results in build up of nitrogenous wastes

3. D IAGRAM

4. F ATS Fats broken down into glycerol to become an intermediate of glycolysis and fatty acids that enter the Krebs cycle. Fats create twice as much ATP per gram than carbohydrates.

6. C ONTROL OF R ESPIRATION If energy demand is high → blood glucose broken down by glycolysis If blood glucose is low → stored glycogen broken down If energy demand is low → blood glucose is stored as glycogen and then as fat