1. Moods of the Arabic Verb Gordon Center for Language

2. Mood Just as case changes the voweling for nouns, mood changes the voweling for verbs. Mood only affects the present tense of the verb, never the past tense. Arabic has three moods: indicative, subjunctive and jussive. Indicative is the default mood. A verb will be in the subjunctive if it is preceded by the following particles: ل, كيْ, حتى, كيْلا, أنْ, لأنْ, لنْ, ألّا, لئلّا, عسى A verb will be in the jussive when it is preceded by لم, when it is the verb in a conditional clause introduced by إنْ, or if it is in the imperative (affirmative or negative).

3. Mood Important changes for the jussive Except for 2 nd and 3 rd person feminine plural (انتنّ, هنّ), verb conjugations ending in ن lose their final ن Except for 2 nd and 3 rd person feminine plural (انتنّ, هنّ), verb conjugations ending in ن lose their final ن Hollow verbs lose their middle vowel (e.g. يقوم becomes (يقمْ Exceptions: when the vowel is pronounced as a consonant, or if the conjugation ends in a long vowel sound, it is retained. Hollow verbs lose their middle vowel (e.g. يقوم becomes (يقمْ Exceptions: when the vowel is pronounced as a consonant, or if the conjugation ends in a long vowel sound, it is retained. Defective verbs lose their final vowel (e.g. يدعو becomes (يدعُ Defective verbs lose their final vowel (e.g. يدعو becomes (يدعُ Doubly weak verbs also lose their final vowel (e.g. ياتي becomes ياتْ ) Doubly weak verbs also lose their final vowel (e.g. ياتي becomes ياتْ ) Hamzated verbs keep their Hamza Hamzated verbs keep their Hamza

4. Mood Important changes for the subjunctive Except for 2 nd and 3 rd person feminine plural (انتنّ, هنّ), verb conjugations ending in ن lose their final ن Except for 2 nd and 3 rd person feminine plural (انتنّ, هنّ), verb conjugations ending in ن lose their final ن

5. Changes in Unsound Verbs SubjunctiveJussive Hollow Same as indicative except for fatha يقوم = يقُمْ Defective Same as indicative except for fatha يدعو = يدعُ Doubly Weak Same as indicative except for fatha ياتي = ياتِ

6. Conjugations SubjectSubjunctiveJussive هميفعلوايفعلوا انتِتفعليتفعلي انتمتفعلواتفعلوا همايفعلايفعلا هماتفعلاتفعلا انتماتفعلاتفعلا