1. © Lloyd’s 1 © Lloyd’s 1 Sharing Data Analysis Between R and non-R Users

2. © Lloyd’s 2 Sharing Data Analysis Overview ► Lloyd’s Internal Model ► The Problem ► R Analysis ► Excel Analysis ► Reports ► Future Work ► Acknowledgements

3. © Lloyd’s 3 ► Generate stochastic insurance losses ► Apply to the Lloyd’s Market ► Output results ► Analyse output and generate reports Lloyd’s Internal Model ~185GB per run

4. © Lloyd’s 4 The Problem ► Limited sharing ► Repetition CSV ► Untested ► Undocumented

5. © Lloyd’s 5 R Analysis Analysis & Reporting Tools (ART) ► R Packages ► Continuous Integration ► R Server ► Excel Add-In

6. © Lloyd’s 6 R Analysis Analysis Information Name, Description, Author, Date Information Name, Description, Author, Date Datasets Inputs and Results (by run ID) External (GitHub: by repo & commit) Datasets Inputs and Results (by run ID) External (GitHub: by repo & commit) Content Code to Execute (wrapped in a function) Standard Output (data.frame/data.table) Content Code to Execute (wrapped in a function) Standard Output (data.frame/data.table) Format By Column, Row or Cell Labels (text, number, percent) Format By Column, Row or Cell Labels (text, number, percent)

7. © Lloyd’s 7 An analysis is an S4 class ► Create using new() R Analysis #' Top n Syndicates #' #' The n largest syndicates based on benchmark capital #' #' @usage top_n_syndicates #' @format An ART analysis #' #' @param Run_Request A CCK run request ID for a syndicate run #' @param n The number of syndicates #' #' @author Chad Goymer \email{chad.goymer@@lloyds.com} #' @export top_n_syndicates <- new("analysis", name = "Top n Syndicates", description = "The n largest syndicates based on benchmark capital", author = "Chad Goymer", date_created = "2014-08-13")

8. © Lloyd’s 8 ► Functions get and set slots ► Validation is applied automatically R Analysis datasets(top_n_syndicates) <- list( benchmark = c(dataset = "BenchmarkSyndicateLoss_Synd_Sim_Percentile_05")) content(top_n_syndicates) <- function(benchmark, n = 10) { result % mutate(Synd = factor(Synd)) %>% select(Synd, Benchmark = Value) %>% mutate(Benchmark = -1 * Benchmark) %>% top_n(n) format <- c("number", "large_number") return(list(data = result, formats = list(columns = format))) }

9. © Lloyd’s 9 ► Run using the execute() function ► Get the datasets and run the content R Analysis > execute(top_n_syndicates, cck_run = 9836, n = 5) Searching for BenchmarkSyndicateLoss_Synd_Sim_Percentile_05 in P:\55884 Reading model result BenchmarkSyndicateLoss_Synd_Sim_Percentile_05 $data Synd Benchmark 1 1000 99900000 2 2000 88800000 3 3000 77700000 4 4000 66600000 5 5000 55500000 $formats $formats$columns [1] "number" "large_number"

10. © Lloyd’s 10 R Analysis Analyses are: ► Stored in a package ( ARTanalyses ) ► Tested using testthat ► Documented using roxygen2 & staticdocs ► Version controlled using git & GitHub ► Deployed by Bamboo

11. © Lloyd’s 11 R Analysis GitHub site-library ART Server New/changed analyses Deploy package & documentation if tests pass All R installations use same library of packages Excel Add-In

12. © Lloyd’s 12 ► Select an analysis ► Specify parameters ► Executes on ART server ► Presents the results according to specified format Excel Analysis

13. © Lloyd’s 13 Excel Analysis

14. © Lloyd’s 14 Excel Analysis

15. © Lloyd’s 15 Excel Analysis

16. © Lloyd’s 16 ► Can generate Excel reports ► But, there is another way… Reports Presentation Information Name, Description, Author, Date Information Name, Description, Author, Date Analysis Results Specify requirements Validate before execution Analysis Results Specify requirements Validate before execution Content Code to execute (wrapped in a function) Content Code to execute (wrapped in a function)

17. © Lloyd’s 17 ► Presentation is also an S4 class ► Stored in a package ( ARTpresentations ) Reports #' Simple Table #' #' Presents a table in markdown format for HTML reports #' #' @param data (required) data.frame to be presented as a table #' @param header character vector header names to replace data column names #' @param formats list specifying formatting hints for each column #' @param use_rownames (Default FALSE) Whether to output rownames #' @author Chad Goymer \email{chad.goymer@@lloyds.com} #' @export simple_table <- new("presentation", name = "Simple Table", description = "Presents a table in markdown format for HTML reports", author = "Chad Goymer", date_created = "2013-09-26")

18. © Lloyd’s 18 ► Specifiy valid analysis results Reports parameter_validation(simple_table) <- function(params) { valid = TRUE if ("formats" %in% names(params) && "columns" %in% params$formats){ valid <- c(valid, identical(length(params$formats$columns), ncol(params$data))) valid <- c(valid, all(params$formats$columns %in% c("number", "large_number", "small_number", "percent", "text", "header", "footer", "bold", "italic"))) } return(all(valid)) }

19. © Lloyd’s 19 ► Specifiy content ► Can use execute() to run standalone ► Can also be combined with an analysis… Reports content(simple_table) = function( data, header, formats, use_rownames = FALSE) { require(knitr, quietly = TRUE) return(kable(data, format = "markdown", align = align, row.names = FALSE)) }

20. © Lloyd’s 20 Reports Report Element Analysis Presentation ► An analysis may be presented in multiple ways ► A presentation can be applied to multiple analyses

21. © Lloyd’s 21 Reports report_element("top_n_syndicates", "simple_table", cck_run = 9836, n = 5) | Synd| Benchmark| |----:|----------:| | 1000| 99,900,000| | 2000| 88,800,000| | 3000| 77,700,000| | 4000| 66,600,000| | 5000| 55,500,000|

22. © Lloyd’s 22 Reports Report Analysis Presentation Analysis Presentation

23. © Lloyd’s 23 Reports Syndicate Summary ================= Top 5 Syndicates ---------------- The table below shows the top ten syndicates based in the benchmark capital requirement. ```{r top_5_synds_table} report_element("top_n_syndicates", "simple_table", cck_run = report_datasets$run_request, n = 5) ``` The graph below shows the top ten syndicates based in the benchmark capital requirement. ```{r top_5_synds_graph} report_element("top_n_syndicates", "bar_chart", cck_run = report_datasets$run_request, n = 5) ```

24. © Lloyd’s 24 ► Report is also an S4 class ► Stored in a package ( ARTreports ) Reports #' Top 5 Syndicates #' #' Comparing the largest syndicates by benchmark capital #' #' @param cck_run A society run request ID #' @author Chad Goymer #' @export top_5_syndicates <- new("report", name = "Top 5 Syndicates", description = "Comparing the largest syndicates by benchmark capital", author = "Chad Goymer", date_created = "2014-08-13") definition(top_5_syndicates) <- "top_5_syndicates.Rmd"

25. © Lloyd’s 25 Reports

26. © Lloyd’s 26 Summary Formal definition of an analysis ► Testing & documenting made easy ► Sharing automatically ► Available to R and Excel users Flexible Reports ► Combine an analysis with a presentation ► Create reports using report elements ► (Re)generate reports in HTML & Word

27. © Lloyd’s 27 Future Work Shiny ! ► Create interactive reports

28. © Lloyd’s 28 Acknowledements Mango: R packages design & development ► Gemma Stephenson ► Aimee Gott Riskcare: ART server and Excel Add-In ► David Grierson ► Bobby Jagdev