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Airborne Contaminants Klondike Gold Rush NHP, Glacier Bay NP&P, Sitka NHP Glacier Bay and Chichagof Island: dust and smoke from fires in Eurasia Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012 Skagway Harbor & cruise ship haze
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Justification Airborne Contaminants Affects Ecosystems & Visitor Experience Partnership with other Agencies and Allows Inferences at a Regional Scale Impacts Increasing with Global Industrial Expansion & Population Growth & Possibly Climate Change Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Justification All SEAN Park are Potential Receptors of: Airborne Contaminants – Common to all SEAN parks Cruise ship emissions and other marine transportation Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Justification All AK Parks are Potential Targets of: Industrial emissions from Eurasia such as smelters, coal fired generators Airborne Contaminants – Common to all SEAN parks Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Justification Airborne Contaminants - ecosystems and visitor experience Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Program Provided reference data Provided inspiration and expertise Demonstrated contaminant are a potentially serious threat to Alaskan ecosystems, and subsistence resources Demonstrated bioaccumulation in fish Landers, D. H. et al. 2008. The fate, transport, and ecological impacts of airborne contaminants in western national parks (USA). EPA/600/R-07/138, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Western Ecology Division. Covallis OR., Corvallis, OR. Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Objectives Determine functional methods for monitoring decadal trends in select airborne contaminants at remote sites; Model relationship between contaminant in lichen tissue, atmospheric concentrations, and deposition rates; Assess lichen community response to changes in airborne contaminants (and or other factors). Airborne Contaminants – Protocol development Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012 Question : Are these currently the most relevant objectives?
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Ambient Atmospheric Samplers Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012 Gaseous: HNO 3, SO 2, NO 2, NO x, NH 4
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Ambient Atmospheric Samplers Weekly Ambient SO 2 Concentrations May-Sept 2008 2009 Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Ambient Atmospheric Samplers Weekly Ambient NO x Concentrations May-Sept 20092008 Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Ambient Atmospheric Samplers Weekly Ambient NH 3 & HNO 3 Concentrations Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012 NH 3 HNO 3 2009 data
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Wet Deposition Samplers Open Canopy Throughfall Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Wet Deposition Samplers Open vs Closed Canopy sites Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Wet Deposition Samplers Open vs Closed Canopy sites Juneau NADP Network Site Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Airborne Contaminants Passive Wet Deposition Samplers Open sites Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach - lichens Airborne Contaminants Depend on nutrients from the air and rainfall; A dynamic equilibrium exists between atmospheric chemicals and lichen tissue; Long history of use as bio indicators; Species differentially sensitivity to pollutants; Allows a regional picture of air pollution deposition patterns. Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Rationale for Selection Airborne Contaminants Partnership with the Tongass National Forest Allows Analysis & Inferences at a Regional Scale 125 permanent plots Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach How are concentrations of contaminants in the air changing on a decadal cycle? Metrics include elemental concentration for P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Hg, Cu, B, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co, Mo, Si, Ti, Be, Sr, Rb, Li, V, Ba, total nitrogen and total sulfur. Airborne Contaminants Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Lichen collection plots conducted in KLGO in 1998 were revisited in 2008-09. Airborne Contaminants – lichen elemental concentrations How are elemental concentrations in lichen tissue changing? Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Lichen collection plots conducted in KLGO in 1998 were revisited in 2008-09. Airborne Contaminants – lichen elemental concentrations How are elemental concentrations in lichen tissue changing? Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach & Preliminary Results Spatial Comparisons Airborne Contaminants – lichen elemental concentrations Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Airborne Contaminants – Mercury Deposition Monitoring Approach - Mercury Eventually map the distribution of Hg deposition for Alaska National Mercury Deposition Network GLBA and GAAR Bartlett Cove - GLBA Bettles - GAAR Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Investigate Regional Variation in Hg Deposition Airborne Contaminants – Mercury Deposition Monitoring Approach - Mercury Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Monitoring Approach - Mercury Mercury add to suite of analytes in 2008-09. Airborne Contaminants – lichen elemental concentrations Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Acknowledgments Linda Geiser - USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Mark Fenn - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Andrjez Bytnerowicz - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Karen Dillman - Tongass National Forest Sarah Jovan - USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Rick Graw - USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Albert Faure - Alaska Dept of Environmental Conservation Tamara Blett – National Park Service Air Resource Division Ellen Porter - National Park Service Air Resource Division Heather Root – Oregon State University Brendan Moynahan – National Park Service, Southeast Alaska I&M Program Scott Gende - National Park Service, Southeast Alaska Coastal Cluster Lewis Sharman – Glacier Bay NP&P Andrea Blakesley – Denali NP&P Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012
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Southeast Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 3 Year Review – March 2012 Dave Schirokauer dave_schirokauer@nps.gov
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