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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Haber process And Contact process.

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Presentation on theme: "INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Haber process And Contact process."— Presentation transcript:

1 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Haber process And Contact process

2 Haber process Manufacture of ammonia N 2 (g) +3H 2 (g)  2NH 3 (g),  H= -92kJmol -1 ( exothermic ) a.Uses of ammonia : manufacture fertilisers, dyes and explosives b.LCP suggest that high pressure and low temperature will shift equilibrium to the right and produce more ammonia

3 c. However,other economic factors (time and cost factors) must also be considered such as: i) Low temperature not used – rate is slow Note : high temperature also not used because Equilibrium shifts left, lower yield Therefore use a moderate temperature

4 ii) pressure not too high Reason : High pressure incurs higher cost of maintenance and also more expensive to build

5 d. Optimum conditions : 450 – 550 0 C 100 – 250 atm Catalyst Fe Note : % yield of NH 3 = less than 20 % Pressure used reasonably high due to : Forward reaction favored, more NH 3 Higher collision frequency, faster reaction

6 Contact process Manufacture of sulphuric acid (1) S(g) + O 2 (g)  SO 2 (g) (2) 2SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g)  2SO 3 (g)  H= -192kJ mol -1 ( exothermic ) (3) SO 3 (g) + H 2 SO 4 (l)  H 2 S 2 O 7 (l) oleum H 2 S 2 O 7 (l) + H 2 O (l)  2H 2 SO 4 (aq)

7 a. LCP suggest that high yield of SO 3 (equilibrium shifts right) is favored by high pressure and low temperature b. Optimum conditions : 400 – 450 0 C 1 – 2 atm ( % yield = 95 % hence high pressure not used ) Catalyst (vanadium pentoxide,V 2 O 5 )

8 High yield achieved under the following conditions: (1) Air used to burn sulphur must be clean Reason : Catalyst easily poisoned/damaged (2) Catalyst needs to be cooled Reason : Exothermic rxn hence catalyst gets hot Or low temp favors forward reaction


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