1. Low Vision Mapping Jill Keeffe and Peggy Chiang

2. Aims of study To understand the current situation of low vision services throughout the world (What, where, who, and how services are delivered) Identify the critical success factors associated with coverage of low vision services (key attributes that ensure comprehensive low vision service coverage) This research will be used to inform the WHO Low Vision Working Group and Vision 2020 ( provide priority areas to ensure comprehensive coverage)

3. Survey themes

4. Human resources

5. Location of services

6. Type of low vision service provision

7. Equipment Devices available as part of low vision services- 88%(84/95) Supply source of affordable low vision devices- 65% (55/84) Reasons that individuals do not obtain low vision devices:

8. Funding of low vision services

9. Barriers to access Other: lack of awareness, lack of services, poor referral pathways, logistics

10. Groups of people most likely to miss out on services

11. Low vision service coverage No information No services provided ≤10% 11-50% >50% 80% of countries have ≤10% coverage

12. Critical factors

13. Summary F unding - lobbying the government for ownership, funding mix, national budget & insurance to include low vision (example Cameroon vs. India) R ehabilitation workers – primary level care i.e. outreach & community based rehabilitation services by mid level ophthalmic personnel, HR training, task shifting A ccess - government awareness & acceptance, intervention timing, social welfare services, community & family support, M ultidisciplinary services – clinical, education, rehabilitation, comprehensive services integrated with government and other existing services, integration of low vision curriculum into ophthalmic personnel training E xternal contextual factors – government policy, distribution of resources in urban and rural settings, appropriateness of intervention

14. Mapping national services Prevalence in adults from surveys Children: WHO estimates using <5MR Number of HR by cadre – clinical and rehabilitation Availability of range of devices Under-served groups