2.  A body of rights, obligations, and remedies that is applied by courts in civil proceedings to provide relief for persons who have suffered harm from the wrongful acts of others. Tort Law…

3.   The person who sustains injury or suffers pecuniary damage as the result of tortious conduct is known as the plaintiff,  pecuniary damages are losses which can be quantified in monetary terms  and the person who is responsible for inflicting the injury and incurs liability for the damage is known as the defendant or tortfeasor. Plaintiff vs. Tortfeasor

4.  1.First, the plaintiff must establish that the defendant was under a legal duty to act in a particular fashion. Three elements must be established in every tort action

5.  2. Second, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant breached this duty by failing to conform his or her behaviour accordingly. 3. Third, the plaintiff must prove that he suffered injury or loss as a direct result of the defendant's breach.

6.   The law of torts is derived from a combination of common-law principles and legislative enactments.  Common Law = judge made law Tort vs Criminal Act

7.   Unlike actions for breach of contract, tort actions are not dependent upon an agreement between the parties to a lawsuit.  Unlike criminal prosecutions, which are brought by the government, tort actions are brought by private citizens. Tort vs Criminal Act-Cont

8.   Remedies for tortious acts include money damages and injunctions (court orders compelling or forbidding particular conduct).  Tortfeasors are subject not subjected to incarceration in civil court. Tort vs Criminal Act-Cont

9.   Financial compensation for damages. Often hard to calculate accurately.  A common remedy in environmental lawsuits is an injunction. Which is an order of the court requires a party to either do or not do a certain action. For example: stop dumping a particular substance into a water system. Remedies in Tort Law

10.   Remedy:  Remedy: the relief (compensation) sought by the plaintiff  Damages:  Damages: compensation for a wrong suffered  Non-pecuniary damages:  Non-pecuniary damages: compensation for losses that do not involve an actual loss of money and are hard to quantify  Special damages:  Special damages: compensation for out-of-pocket expenses  Punitive:  Punitive: damages imposed to punish the defendant for bad conduct Types of Remedies

11.  Injunction: Injunction: a court order requiring or prohibiting an action Garnishment: Garnishment: a court order requiring a third party to collect money from the defendant to pay the plaintiff

12.   Remedy:  Remedy: the relief (compensation) sought by the plaintiff  Damages:  Damages: compensation for a wrong suffered  Non-pecuniary damages:  Non-pecuniary damages: compensation for losses that do not involve an actual loss of money and are hard to quantify  Special damages:  Special damages: compensation for out-of-pocket expenses  Punitive:  Punitive: damages imposed to punish the defendant for bad conduct Types of Remedies

13.   Over the last century, tort law has touched on nearly every aspect of life in the United States.  In economic affairs, tort law provides remedies for businesses that are harmed by the unfair and deceptive trade practices of a competitor. Scope of Tort Law

14.   In the workplace, tort law protects employees from the intentional or negligent infliction of emotional distress.  Tort law also helps regulate the environment, providing remedies against both individuals and businesses that pollute the air, land, and water to such an extent that it amounts to a Nuisance. Scope of Tort Law

15.   Nuisance allows a plaintiff to sue if there has been an unreasonable interference with use or enjoyment of property.  Two type of Nuisances 1.Public 2.Private What is Nuisance

16.  Public Vs Private Public Nuisance  Occurs when an individual’s right to use and enjoy property has been unreasonably interfered with. Private Nuisance  Occurs when a group’s and or community’s use and enjoyment of property has been unreasonably interfered with.

17.  Means that the defendant intentionally, negligently, or recklessly interfered with the plaintiff's use and enjoyment of the land or that the defendant continued her conduct after learning of actual harm or substantial risk of future harm to the plaintiff's interest Finding of Fault

18.   Negligence is when the defendant did not live up to the required standards of care.  In case of negligence the following must be proven: 1.Defendant had a duty of care to the plaintiff 2.The action/harm was foreseeable (reasonably expected to occur) 3.That the defendants actions or inactions caused the damage Tort Negligence

19.  One person may be required to compensate another for injury or damages even though the loss was neither intentionally nor negligently inflicted. Strict Liability

20.   "In the case of Rylands v. Fletcher the defendant's underground water reservoir caused an old mine shaft owned by the plaintiff to collapse. Although the court found that Mr. Rylands and Mr. Horrocks (the defendants) were not negligent, they were still strictly liable for damages. Mr. Justice Blackburn stated“ 'We think that the true rule of law is, that the person who for his own purposes brings on his lands and collects and keeps there anything likely to do mischief if it escapes, must keep it in at his peril, and, if he does not do so, he is answerable for all the damage which is the natural consequence of his escape. Rylands v. Fletcher