1. Arterial Blood Pressure ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 13-14

2. 点脉 Dim Mak = “Press Artery” Pressure Point Fighting

4. Arterial Blood Pressure WHAT IT IS: Def: Measurement of the pressure exerted by the fluid medium (blood) on the interior walls of the circulatory vasculature Measured as variance between: ◦Systolic (high) ◦Diastolic (low)

6. Arterial Flow Primarily carrying oxygenated blood away from body Vasculature is more muscular with elastic fibers to prevent distension (stretching out) Visceral muscle of arteries can contract to maintain blood pressure

8. FILTRATION 20 l/day enters capillaries 17 l/day leaves 3 l/day directed to lymphatic system

9. Venous Circulation 60%-65% of blood currently venous return Valves (similar to semilunar valves) prevent backflow of blood

12. SURFACE AREA OF VASCULATURE V. VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW As the surface area of the vasculature increases the velocity drops As the total distance from the heart increases, velocity decreases (but not consistently)

13. Assessment of Arterial Blood Pressure Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) Ratio of systolic/diastolic (i.e. 120/80)

14. SYSTOLE v. DIASTOLE Systole is the period of time in circulatory physiology defined by the following events: Electrical Systole = QRS complex of EKG Mechanical Systole = contraction of ventricular myocardium Arterial Systole = blood ejected into aorta via aortic semilunar valve and pulmonary artery via pulmonary semilunar valves from the left and right ventricles respectively Diastole is the period of time in circulatory physiology defined by the following events: Electrical Diastole = P wave of EKG Mechanical Diastole = contraction of atrial myocardium Arterial Diastole = blood ejected into right ventricle from right atrium via tricuspid valve while simultaneous movement of blood from left atrium into left ventricle via bicuspid valve

17. Baroreception Baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus measure the arterial blood pressure Messages sent from baroreceptors to the medulla oblongata via the Glossopharyngeal nerve Return pathway to sino-atrial node via the Vagus nerve

20. VASOREGULATION Vasodilation = increase diameter of vasculature Vasoconstriction = decrease diameter

24. Sphygmomanometry AUSCULTATION Manually listen for Kortokoff sounds while pressure is released on artery OSCILLATION Electronically sense oscillations in blood flow that correspond with cardiac events

26. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)