1. Water pH and the Effectiveness of Pesticides F.M. Fishel and J.A. Ferrell UF/IFAS Dept. of Agronomy

2. What is pH? Indicator of alkalinity or acidity Scale from 1.0 to 14.0 Logarithmic concentration scale of: –H + (Hydrogen) and OH - (Hydroxide) (H + + OH - = H 2 0) –If H + = OH - : then pH is 7.0 or neutral –If H + > OH - : then pH is acidic –If H + < OH - : then pH is alkaline (basic)

3. pH Scale Scale is logarithmic; so: –pH 5.0 is 10x more acidic than pH 6.0 –pH 4.0 is 100x more acidic than pH 6.0

4. Why is pH important? pH affects many chemical and biological processes: –E.g. – aquatic animals best at pH 6.5 – 8.0 –pH outside of this range can decrease diversity: Due to physiological stresses Due to reduced reproduction –Low pH can allow more toxic elements to become more mobile and available for plant/animal uptake

5. Why is pH important to applicators? Some pesticides’ soil residual life is affected by soil pH

6. Why is pH important to applicators? Some pesticides lose effectiveness when mixed with alkaline water pH of 8 to 9 can greatly diminish or cause complete loss of effectiveness Most common with some insecticides: –Carbamates and organophosphates Few fungicides and herbicides susceptible

7. Why is pH important to applicators? Most water sources in FL derive from limestone aquifers Contain high levels of carbonates – removes H + from water, thus increases pH

8. Examples (pH half-lives) PesticidepH 6pH 7pH 8pH 9 flumioxazin ---24 h---15 min captan---8 h10 min2 min carbaryl125 days27 days2-3 days1-3 days dimethoate 12 h--- 1 h disulfoton32 h--- 7 h malathion8 days3 days19 h---

9. Why is pH important to applicators?

10. Determining pH http://soilslab.ifas.ufl.edu

11. Litmus Paper Cheap - $5.00/75 tests Can vary by as much as + 2.0 points

12. ExStik ™ pH Pen + 0.01 accuracy Digital displays Battery-powered $79.70

13. Commercial pH Meters Accuracy generally very reliable Price range: $60 to $170 Calibration buffer solutions also available

14. Is pH Correction Needed?

15. Correcting pH

16. Acidifiers and Buffering Agents

17. Flumioxazin Herbicide: An Exception

18. Additional Information

19. Photo/Diagram Credits University of Florida/IFAS CDMS Fred Fishel, Ph.D. Department of Agronomy University of Florida/IFAS Copyright 2008 University of Florida Mention of trade names in this presentation is solely for providing specific information. It is not a guarantee or warranty of the products named, and does not signify that they are approved to the exclusion of others of suitable composition. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer’s label.