1. Page 1 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND WOMEN’S LIVELIHOOD – CASE STUDIES FROM VIETNAM Conference: Agriculture and Sustainable Rural Development in Time of Crisis - Critical Engagements from a Gender Perspective Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dang Tung Hoa Faculty of Economics and Management Water Resources University of Vietnam Email: dang_tunghoa@yahoo.com Berlin, 26th January 2013

2. Page 2 1. Introduction to water resources management and women’s livelihood 2. Theoretical approach 3. Case studies from Vietnam 4. Conclusion and recommendation Contents

3. Page 3 1. Introduction to water resources management and women’s livelihood  Water is a critical to the livelihood and well-being of the world’s population but millions fuffer from lack of access to clean water, inadequate water for food production etc.  Effective programming and policies require understanding and addressing the gender specific relationship to natural resources management and people (FAO 2007a).

4. Page 4 1. Introduction to water resources management and women’s livelihood (2)  Water resources management in the context of livelihood from a gender pespecitve include: + How man and women use water resources and what for purpose? + How is labor division between gender - age - class – women – race - ethnicity? Who makes decisions about water resources? + How gender-equitable approaches can be institutionalized?

5. Page 5 Introduction to gender  Gender equality: Gender equality is the measurable equal representation of women and men  Gender equality is the heart of development. It’s the right development objective, and it’s smart economic policy (World Bank 2012)

6. Page 6 2. Theoretical approach Human ecology

7. Page 7 2. Theoretical approach (2) Figure 1: Human ecological triangle with resources management Source: Teherani-Kroenner (2011)

8. Page 8 3. Case studies from Vietnam Case study 1: Local knowledge of the use and protection of water resources by Thai community in Vietnam Case study 2: Cultural and Ecological Investigations into Forest Utilization by the Thai, Hmong and Kinh people in the Mountainous Region of Northwest Vietnam with Respect on Gender Relations Case study 3: Status of women and men in land tenure in Mat village, Van Mieu commune, Thanh Son district, Phu Tho province in Vietnam

9. Page 9 3. Case studies from Vietnam (2) Case study 1: Local knowledge of the use and protection of water resources by Thai community in Vietnam  For Thai community, water is reflected in two aspects: water for production and water for daily needs  Traditional knowledge of Thai ethnic in use and protection water resources reflected not only cultural character, but also in social behavior and their community management.  Specific technology for paddy rice, both men and women involve.

10. Page 10 3. Case studies from Vietnam (3) Case study 2: Cultural and Ecological Investigations into Forest Utilization by the Thai, Hmong and Kinh people in the Mountainous Region of Northwest Vietnam with Respect on Gender Relations

11. Page 11 Figure 1: Research areas: Nordwest Vietnam Ecological Living condition of Hmong, Thai and Kinh in Nordwest Vietnam

12. Page 12 Hmong group

13. Page 13 Thai village

14. Page 14 3. Case studies from Vietnam (4) Case study 2  The local knowledge of forestry products and tree species varies widely indeed regarding 3 ethnic groups and also gender  Women and men of the Thai and the Hmong show comprehensive knowledge of plants with their clearly gender-specific utilisation  Women and men of all three ethnic groups are given access to the various resources, but their rights of control are different.

15. Page 15 3. Case studies from Vietnam (5) Case study 3: Status of women and men in land tenure in Mat village, Van Mieu commune, Thanh Son district, Phu Tho province in Vietnam  Women’s land use rights are hampered by traditional patriarchy system, also by irrationality in the policy implementation.  Gender equality in land tenure, relationship between state law policy and local customs should be taken into policy maker’s consideration.

16. Page 16 4. Conclusion and recommendation  Sustainable resources management including gender aspects can contribute effectively solutions.  Human ecology framework is useful approach for livelihoods, gender and sustainable natural resources management.  Appropriated gender responsive methodology for research, extension and development is needed.

17. Page 17 4. Conclusion and recommendation (2)  Mainstreaming women and gender requires both an active role for women in decision making.  Combining local knowledge of women and man with scientific knowledge and vocational training is necessary for sustainable natural resources management.  Further research in natural resources management including gender aspects are recommended.

18. Page 18 4. Conclusion and recommendation (3)  Comperative studies in different countries  Publication ???

19. Page 19 Message You can’t clap with one hand!

20. Page 20 References  Dang Tung Hoa (2001): Gender differences using forest resources by the ethnic minority in Northwest of Vietnam. Science & Technology Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development. No.8: pp.573-574.  Dang Tung Hoa, Luong Thi Thu Hang (2009): Gender issue in natural resources utilization and management in Ma river basin. International workshop proceeding 1959-2009. Water Resources University. Hanoi.  Dang Tung Hoa (2008): An Overview of Gender in Development and Social Forestry in Vietnam. In: Parto Teherani-Kroenner/ Brigitte Woerteler (Hg.) (2008): You can’t clap with one hand! Gender Research and Networking. Volume A. Frauen*Gesellschaft*Kritik. Band 46. Centaurus Verlag. Kenzingen, Germany.

21. Page 21 References (2)  Luong Thi Thu Hang (2003): Status of women and men in current land tenure. In: Gender, Environment ans sustainable Development Centre (GENDCEN) (2003). Workshop Proceeding: Land Tenure in Vietnam Upland Area. Hanoi.  Parto Teherani Kroenner (2011): Human Ecology and Gender: a framework to discover natural and cultural resources. In: Dang Tung Hoa, Nguyen Thi Lan Huong (2011): Workshop: Application of the Human Ecology Framework in Natural Resources Management in Vietnam. Water Resources University - DAAD. Hanoi.  Parto Teherani-Kroenner/ Brigitte Woerteler (Hg.) (2008): You can’t clap with one hand! Gender Research and Networking. Volume A. Frauen*Gesellschaft*Kritik. Band 46. Centaurus Verlag. Kenzingen, Germany.  World Bank (2012): Gender Equalily and Development.World Development Report 2012. The World Bank. Washington, DC.