1. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Police Management

2. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Styles of Policing watchman style legalistic style service style

3. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3 Watchman Style: order maintenance controlling illegal and disruptive behavior considerable use of discretion Styles of Policing

4. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 Styles of Policing Legalistic Style: committed to enforcing the letter of the law “laissez-faire” policing

5. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5 Styles of Policing Service Style: reflect the needs of the community work with social services and assist communities in solving problems

6. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 Police-Community Relations 1960’s – A new style of service oriented policing emerged. Public-relations officers are appointed to “Neighborhood Watch” programs, drug-awareness workshops, etc.

7. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7 strategic policing problem-solving policing community-oriented policing Police-Community Relations

8. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8 Contemporary Policing The Individual Officer Considerable discretion based on many factors including: background of the officer characteristics of the suspect department policy community interest

9. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9 Issues and Challenges police stress on the job dangers use of deadly force public expectations surrounding the enforcement of laws societal change Contemporary Policing

10. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10 Police Personality Jerome Skolnick Justice without Trial (1966) Process of informal socialization that includes six recognizable characteristics: conservative cynical hostile authoritarian suspicious individualistic

11. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11 Police Culture William Westly (1953) Police have their own: customs laws morality

12. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12 Working Personality All aspects of the traditional values and patterns of behavior evidenced by police officers who have been effectively socialized into the police subculture.

13. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13 Working Personality Characteristics of the police personality often extend to the personal lives of law enforcement officers.

14. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14 Corruption and Integrity Power, authority, and discretion produce great potential for abuse.

15. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15 Corruption is the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain. Corruption and Integrity

16. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 16 Corruption Grass Eaters: most common form of corruption illegitimate activity which occurs from time to time in the normal course of police work

17. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17 Grass Eaters Gratuities Playing Favorites not giving a friend a ticket

18. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18 Minor Bribes Intentional Speeding Grass Eaters

19. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19 Corruption more serious form of corruption active seeking of illicit money- making opportunities by officers Meat Eaters:

20. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20 Role Malfeasance Major Bribes Meat Eaters

21. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21 Meat Eaters protecting “corrupt” cops property crimes committed by police burglary theft criminal enterprises resale of confiscated drugs resale of stolen property

22. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22 Meat Eaters denying civil rights specific acts prevent due process violent crimes committed by police physical abuse of suspects nonjustifiable homicide

23. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23

24. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 24 Integrity Promoting police integrity by: integrating police ethics training into programs conducting research in the area of ethics studying departments that are models in the area of police ethics

25. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 25 Drug Testing of Police Employees National Institute of Justice - 1986 33 large police departments were sampled. Almost all departments had written procedures to test employees who were reasonably suspected of drug abuse.

26. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26 73 % of the departments were testing recruits. 21 % were considering testing all officers. Drug Testing of Police Employees

27. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27 Dangers in Police Work

28. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28 Risk of Disease AIDS Hepatitis B Tuberculosis

29. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29 Possible Ways of Transmission from breath alcohol instruments handling evidence of all types handling implements such as staples emergency delivery of a baby risk of bite attacks by infected individuals body removal Risk of Disease

30. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30 Stress normal component of police work ranks among top ten stress producing jobs in United States

31. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31 Serious stress over long periods can be destructive and life threatening. Stress

32. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32 Four Types external organizational personal operational Stress

33. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 33 Stress: External Real dangers when answering calls: fights in progress possible gun play hostage situations high speed car chases

34. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34 Stress: Organizational generated by factors like paperwork, training requirements, and testifying in court

35. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35 Stress: Personal interpersonal relationships among officers

36. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 36 Stress: Operational impact of the need to combat tragedies of daily urban life

37. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 37 Stress/Frustration Reality is far from ideal. An arrest may not lead to conviction.

38. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 38 Evidence may not be admissible. Jury may acquit. Sentences may not be long enough. Stress/Frustration

39. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 39 Police become frustrated by the inability to be effective, regardless of the amount of personal effort they put forth. Stress/Frustration

40. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 40 The suicide rate for police officers is twice that of the general population. Stress/Frustration

41. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 41 1983 Lawsuits Title 42, Section 1983 passed by Congress in 1871 allows for civil suits to be brought against anyone [including police] for denying others their constitutional rights to life, liberty or property without due process

42. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 42 Police Use of Force use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public

43. © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 43 Imminent Danger Standard restricts the use of deadly force to ONLY those situations where the lives of agents or others are in danger