1. Animal Science 1 Unit 1

2.  Discuss briefly the history of the domestication of farm animals  List and explain the functions of livestock  Describe the size of the livestock industry in the United States  Describe the size of the livestock industry in South Dakota

3.  Important part of farming in the United States  People depend upon livestock for food and clothing  Livestock production and success depend on many factors  Research in animal science is carried on by many state universities and the USDA.

9.  Table 1-4  Look at which states are leaders. Why do you think those states hold the position they do?  What things about those states make them leaders?

10.  Jan 1, 2009 ◦ 8 th All Cattle and Calves ◦ 5 th Beef Cows that have calved ◦ 6 th Calves Born ◦ 7 th Cattle/Calves on Feed- All Feedlots & Steers 500 lbs and more ◦ 5 th All Sheep and Lambs ◦ 2 nd Lambs Born ◦ 9 th Pigs Born (2008) ◦ 1 st Bison

12.  Changes in lifestyle and eating habits of people in the United States has a significant impact on the production, processing and marketing of animal products.  WHY????  What trends are we seeing in the way we eat?

13.  Why has consumption of red meat declined?  What types of meat have seen an increase in consumption?  What has been done by producer organizations?  What influences eating habits?  What nutritional concerns are driving consumer choices?

14.  How are most hogs raised in the United States?  How is most poultry raised?  What about beef?  Dairy?

16.  Questions about the ethics of animal use date back to the time of the ancient Greeks  Until recently most people were directly engaged in agriculture and understood that proper care resulted in greater productivity  During the 20 th Century fewer people had direct contact with animals and little understanding of the care and management of animals as practiced in modern agriculture.  This has provided an opportunity for those opposed to the use of animals  There is a significant difference between those people who are concerned about animal welfare and those who believe in animal rights.

17.  Supporters emphasize humane treatment of animals  Believe that animals can be used to benefit humans  Some take the position that there are essential (food, medical research) and non-essential (entertainment) uses  Livestock producers support proper feeding, housing, vet care and good management practices because these result in greater productivity.

18.  Views vary.  Some advocate the total elimination of all animal use by humans.  Others focus on eliminating animal suffering to the greatest extent possible.  Those who take a moderate approach try to achieve their goals by influencing legislation and through public education campaigns.

19.  Use of hormones, antibiotics and additives in animal feed  Caging of laying hens  Production of veal calves in crates  Raising swine in confinement and farrowing crates for sows  Management practices such as castration, docking, debeaking and dehorning  Having animals as household pets  Using animals in medical and scientific research  Consuming animal flesh  Using animal skins for clothing or other products  Use of animal products (milk, eggs) for food  Making animals the target for trapping or hunting  Featuring animals in entertainment activities such as horse and dog racing

20.  Laws are enforced by The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the USDA  First federal law dealing with the humane treatment of animals was passed in 1873.  Other legislation can be found on page 23 of the text.

21.  Currently a variety of methods.  The USDA is developing a database of information about individual animals.  They would like to make this system mandatory  To learn more about NAIS please visit www.animalagriculture.org www.animalagriculture.org

22.  Becoming a major area of concern  Consumers want 0 health risk in relation to their food  Food safety is defined in terms of risk benefit  Most food borne illnesses are caused by bacteria (66%)  Other sources are chemical (25%), viral (5%), parasitic (4%)  See p. 25-31

23.  Domestication of animals was vital to civilization  Animals have many useful functions  Livestock numbers on farms in the US is in the several billions and expected to continued to increase

24.  Complete review questions 1-12 Due Friday August 27 at the end of the period.