1. World War One “The war to end all wars” - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson

3. The Sides Allied PowersCentral Powers BritainGermany FranceAustria-Hungary Russia (1917 exit)Ottoman Empire United States (1917 entry)Bulgaria Italy Japan, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Czechoslovak legions

4. The Fronts WWI is fought on two main fronts (contested area where the two sides are fighting) – the Eastern Front and the Western Front.WWI is fought on two main fronts (contested area where the two sides are fighting) – the Eastern Front and the Western Front.

5. The Eastern Front (1914- 1916) Much more action than the Western Front – both sides push back and forth with Russia first invading Germany, and then the Germans and Austrians drive them back.Much more action than the Western Front – both sides push back and forth with Russia first invading Germany, and then the Germans and Austrians drive them back.

6. The Western Front (1914- 1916) Germany sweeps through Belgium but is stopped near Paris at the First Battle of the Marne.Germany sweeps through Belgium but is stopped near Paris at the First Battle of the Marne. Both sides set up trenches and the Western Front turns into a stalemate for almost four years.Both sides set up trenches and the Western Front turns into a stalemate for almost four years.

7. Trench Warfare The soldiers live in holes in the ground, separated by “no-man’s-land.”The soldiers live in holes in the ground, separated by “no-man’s-land.” The trenches include barbed wire, machinegun nests, gun batteries and heavy artillery.The trenches include barbed wire, machinegun nests, gun batteries and heavy artillery.

8. Trench Warfare Unfortunately, military leaders had never fought this way before – they were used to mobile battles.Unfortunately, military leaders had never fought this way before – they were used to mobile battles. The only plan they could come up with was to order masses of soldiers into a frontal assault to try to break through the enemy trenches.The only plan they could come up with was to order masses of soldiers into a frontal assault to try to break through the enemy trenches. Begin with heavy artillery (bombing/shelling) and then send thousands of troops across no-man’s-land while completely exposed to machine-gun fire.Begin with heavy artillery (bombing/shelling) and then send thousands of troops across no-man’s-land while completely exposed to machine-gun fire. Thousands of men could be mown down in minutes and the few that made it to the other side then had to face the enemy in their trenches.Thousands of men could be mown down in minutes and the few that made it to the other side then had to face the enemy in their trenches.

9. “Going over the top”

10. The Battle of the Somme DE Video

11. War of Attrition Very few armies were able to break through and the war becomes a war of attrition (each side tries to wear the other down).Very few armies were able to break through and the war becomes a war of attrition (each side tries to wear the other down). Since the war in Europe was a stalemate, both sides tried to widen the war by getting more countries involved.Since the war in Europe was a stalemate, both sides tried to widen the war by getting more countries involved. Allies declare war on the Ottoman Empire and British forces defeat them in the Middle East.Allies declare war on the Ottoman Empire and British forces defeat them in the Middle East. Japan seizes German colonies in the Pacific Ocean.Japan seizes German colonies in the Pacific Ocean.

12. The Russian Revolution (1917) Russia becomes embroiled in a communist revolution and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Germany, taking them out of the war.Russia becomes embroiled in a communist revolution and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Germany, taking them out of the war. (To be continued next week…)

13. United States U.S. had remained neutral but were pulled in because of the naval war in the Atlantic.U.S. had remained neutral but were pulled in because of the naval war in the Atlantic. Both sides had blockaded the other and the Germans were sending submarines to attack all ships crossing the Atlantic ( unrestricted submarine warfare )Both sides had blockaded the other and the Germans were sending submarines to attack all ships crossing the Atlantic ( unrestricted submarine warfare )

14. The Lusitania 1915 – Germans sank a British ship, killing 1,100 civilians (including some Americans).1915 – Germans sank a British ship, killing 1,100 civilians (including some Americans). The U.S. convinces the Germans to stop unrestricted sub warfare (for a while), and we remain neutral…The U.S. convinces the Germans to stop unrestricted sub warfare (for a while), and we remain neutral…

16. The Zimmerman Telegram (1917) A secret telegram from the German Foreign Minister was intercepted by the U.S.A secret telegram from the German Foreign Minister was intercepted by the U.S. The telegram was meant for Mexico and it asked Mexico to attack the U.S. from the South so that the U.S. would be too busy to get involved in Europe.The telegram was meant for Mexico and it asked Mexico to attack the U.S. from the South so that the U.S. would be too busy to get involved in Europe. It also hinted that the Mexicans should try to get Japan to attack the U.S. colonies in the Pacific. (The Japanese insisted they had nothing to do with the telegram.)It also hinted that the Mexicans should try to get Japan to attack the U.S. colonies in the Pacific. (The Japanese insisted they had nothing to do with the telegram.)

18. The Last Push The stalemate had dragged on from 1914-1917. But when the U.S. entered the war, the Germans decided to gamble and launch an all-out offensive on the Western Front (hoping to win before the U.S. could send too many troops over).The stalemate had dragged on from 1914-1917. But when the U.S. entered the war, the Germans decided to gamble and launch an all-out offensive on the Western Front (hoping to win before the U.S. could send too many troops over). They came within 50 miles of Paris, but were stopped at the Second Battle of the Marne by French, Moroccan, and American troops.They came within 50 miles of Paris, but were stopped at the Second Battle of the Marne by French, Moroccan, and American troops.

19. The End of the War With 2 million American troops, the Allies were able to push Germany back.With 2 million American troops, the Allies were able to push Germany back. 11:11 AM, 11/11/1918 – armistice ends the fighting11:11 AM, 11/11/1918 – armistice ends the fighting

20. WWI 65 million soldiers involved in the war65 million soldiers involved in the war 37 million casualties (dead or wounded)37 million casualties (dead or wounded) ALLIED POWERS CountryKilledTotal Casualties Russia1,700,0009,150,000 Britain908,3713,190,235 France1,357,8006,160,800 Italy650,0002,197,000 United States116,516323,018 TOTAL5,142,63122,062,427 CENTRAL POWERS CountryKilledTotal Casualties Germany1,773,7007,142,558 Austria- Hungary 1,200,0007,020,000 Turkey325,000975,000 TOTAL3,386,20015,404,477

21. Important Outcomes of WWI The Allies were not willing to negotiate with the German Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhem II and so the people, tired of war, overthrew him and created a democratic republic.The Allies were not willing to negotiate with the German Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhem II and so the people, tired of war, overthrew him and created a democratic republic. Poverty and loss of life in Russia is one of the causes of the Russian Revolution.Poverty and loss of life in Russia is one of the causes of the Russian Revolution.

22. Important Outcomes of WWI Treaty of Versailles (dealt just with the Germans) Treaty of Versailles (dealt just with the Germans) Forced to accept responsibility for causing the war (along with Austria and Hungary)Forced to accept responsibility for causing the war (along with Austria and Hungary) Had to disarm and give up territoryHad to disarm and give up territory Forced to pay an enormous amount in reparations ($442 billion in 2013)Forced to pay an enormous amount in reparations ($442 billion in 2013) WWI is going to put Germany in a precarious position – it has not had time to acclimate as a democracy and an extreme depression will allow a militant regime to take over in the 1930s…WWI is going to put Germany in a precarious position – it has not had time to acclimate as a democracy and an extreme depression will allow a militant regime to take over in the 1930s…