1. Database development (MIS 533) MBS in Management Information Systems and Managerial Accounting Systems (2007 / 2008) Fergal Carton Business Information Systems

2. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Last week Cuisine de France –Table structure for bread products –Normalise by taking out type to another table –Database should be independent of application –Primary key = foreign key in related tables Normalisation: 1NF –One single data item at intersection of row and column –Use sample data to fill out tables to understand structure Requirements analysis: modelling –Goal is to uncover information flows, start at process level Modelling exercise –context level diagram for Cucina della Italia

3. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development This week Data flow diagrams –Cucina della Italia –Northwind? Normalisation Process modelling –Sales order process –Purchase order process Normalisation 2NF

4. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Cucina della Italia Selling fresh bread to service stations Describe customer requirements How these requirements can be met? What processes will the business need? What information flows are required?

5. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Your own examples Student nameSystem experience 1.Horgan, Shane Christopher Telesales system for Cuisine de France 2.Dillon, Damien 3.Creighton, Glenn Stock ordering for Chemist 4.Kenny, Clive EPOS and suppliers for StatOil 5.Crowley, Micheal 6.Hourigan, Brenda Quality control, Newmarket 7.Kavanagh, Fiona Marie Claire 8.Kearney, Tara Stationery ordering for Eason’s 9.Holland, Tadhg 10.REYHANI, PEYMAN Call center system for customers at RCI 11 FONZI, Kenneth Christopher Pledge customers for park 12 LI, Yan Purchasing for retail business

6. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Call center customers Customer rings call center (timeshare sales) System recognises number, displays record Is there a database at work?

7. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Normalisation Process of simplifying the relationships amongst data items as much as possible (see example provided - handout) Through an iterative process, structure of data is refined to 1NF, 2NF, 3NF etc. Reasons for normalisation: –to simplify retrieval (speed of response) –to simplify maintenance (updates, deletion, insertions) –to reduce the need to restructure the data for each new application

8. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Normalisation: 2NF A table already in 1NF A table with composite primary keys –A table with a single column primary key is already in 2NF Values in each column can only be worked out from the values in all the columns that make up the primary key

9. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Normalisation Suppliers Categories

10. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Sales order process Provide price / quotation Give commit date for delivery Take order Dispatch goods and invoice Receive payment from customer

11. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Sales order process PCB case study –Draw a process map of the sales order process –Show the information flows between stages in the process

12. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Purchase order process Obtain price / quotation Create purchase order Get approval for expenditure Receive goods and delivery note Receive invoice Make payment to supplier

13. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Purchase request and payment Departments make spending requests Budget is checked in the allocated budget file If budget exceeded, request is rejected Approved requests are stored and used to create Purhcase orders (PO’s) for suppliers Goods received notes (GRN) are matched with PO’s to identify any discrepancies When supplier invoice is received, 3 way match is made between PO, GRN and invoice prior to payment

14. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Purchase request and payment Draw a context level diagram for the process Draw a Level 1 Data Flow Diagram What sort of analysis method would you use? What sort of output would you provide? Structure of User Requirements Report?

15. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Example : Budget monitoring case What analysis method would you use and why? –Interviews Management / Department interviews –Describe the special approval process –What are the “tolerance levels” for overspending of budget –How many requests, how long to approve, backlog issues –Documentation Copies of current spending requests List of departments and corresponding budgets Print-out from allocated budget file Copy of spending summary report Process for order supply of parts (PO’s?) Copy of delivery advice details –Requirements report

16. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Example : Budget monitoring case What sort of output would you provide? –Requirements report –Questionannaires –Functional Decomposition –Data Flow Diagrams –ERD –Etc. How would you validate requirements? –JRP –Prototype –Approving Requirements report –…

17. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development

18. Budget monitoring case

19. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development CUSTOMER TABLE PRODUCT TABLE ITEM TABLE SALES_ORDER TABLE PRICE TABLE Oracle Demo Set - Sales Order Processing

20. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Production planning Planning approaches (build to plan) –Top down quarterly plan drives both Production (units) and Sales (€) targets –Takes into account sales forecast, historical performance and market expectations –Production plan must then be broken down into units, configurations, geograpahies –Local production planners then turn this into: an MRP plan to drive purchasing and a Master production schedule to drive manufacturing

21. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Keeping tabs on Work-in-Progress (WIP) Inventory consumption –Something must trigger inventory consumption as production proceeds (BO, WO, PO, SO, …) –Visibility of inventory in Work-in-Progress (WIP) is low –You can measure output / consumption at intermediate points but beware of disrupting process

22. MBS (MIMAS) / MIS533 / Database development Manufacturing modes and lead times Difference between process and discrete manufacturing –Process manufacturing consumes inventory at a steady rate, but yield of finished goods may vary –Discrete manufacturing consumes a predefined amount of inventory per article of finished goods Lead times: –key to replenishment policy: what’s my buffer stock? –Fiat Idea : re-uses previous model components to reduce cost & lead time