1. Curriculum Development for Information Literacy (IL) Prof. Dr. Buket Akkoyunlu Hacettepe University, Faculty of Education

2. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 2 Curriculum Development can be defined as “the systematic planning of what is taught and learned in schools as reflected in courses of study and school programs.” The primary focus of a curriculum is on what is to be taught and when? On how is to be taught? Curriculum Development for Information Literacy (IL)

3. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 3 What is Curriculum. Here are multiple definitions of curriculum, Curriculum is: That which is taught in schools A set of subjects. Content A program of studies. A set of materials A sequence of courses.

4. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 4 What is Curriculum. A set of performance objectives A course of study Is everything that goes on within the school, including extra-class activities, guidance, and interpersonal relationships. Everything that is planned by school personnel. A series of experiences undergone by learners in a school. That which an individual learner experiences as a result of schooling (Oliva, 1997, 4).

5. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 5 We need some questions to start developing IL curriculum 1. What are the purposes of the IL? (Think about, justify, and delineate what you are you going to teach and how this material is relevant to the common, current purposes of IL). 2. What educational experiences are related to those purposes? (What content, processes and methods are you going to use to deliver instruction and information?)

6. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 6 We need some questions to start developing IL curriculum 3. What are the organizational methods which will be used in relation to those purposes? (In the contexts of your educational purposes, how can you effectively organize your information and presentations so that they are effective?) 4. How will those purposes be evaluated? (How do you know you taught the content or process successfully?)

7. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 7 These questions are certainly a good place to start developing curriculum, in light of what we now know about the complex journey of learning and how the human brain processes and retains information, there are additional questions that may help you create effective instructional plans and curriculum. We need some questions to start developing IL curriculum

8. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 8 1. In the context of students' future needs, be able to justify why you are teaching particular content or processes. (Be able to provide a rationale for what you are teaching and for how you are using students' time.) 2. Be able to make the content or processes more holistic. (Teach the whole child through instructional techniques and processes which actively engage multiple modalities and children's minds, bodies, psyches, and social consciousnesses. Good instruction needs to be multi-modal and holistic in order to be remembered. This approach creates multiple neural pathways and has a better chance of being remembered and of meeting different types of learning styles.) We need some questions to start developing IL curriculum

9. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 9 3. Be able to make instruction relevant to students' experiences -- past, present, and future lives? (Tie instructional strategies and content into students' experiences -- make it real, make it applicable to their past experiences, their present needs and their immediate futures.) 4. Be able to create more authentic types of assessment. (Give students connections through meaningful assignments that have direct applicability and carry-over into the real world.) We need some questions to start developing IL curriculum

10. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 10 In order to create effective curriculum, we can use These questions as a place to get started, and then use the others as a way to monitor instructional relevancy and applicability. We need some questions to start developing IL curriculum

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12. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 12 Objectives Objectives, are usually specific statements of educational intention which delineate either general or specific outcomes. Objectives can be written in a number of ways. Currently, most objectives are written in behavioral terms. Behavioral objectives usually employ observable verbiage and can be divided into specific domains -- cognitive, affective, and physical. Objectives can be written in a number of ways. Currently, most objectives are written in behavioral terms. Behavioral objectives usually employ observable verbiage and can be divided into specific domains -- cognitive, affective, and physical.

13. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 13 Objectives Samples: Cognitive: Students will identify and list 5 slang terms they have heard from their peers.Cognitive: Students will identify and list 5 slang terms they have heard from their peers. Cognitive Affective: Student will choose 3 of the most offensive slang terms from a list developed by the entire class.Affective: Student will choose 3 of the most offensive slang terms from a list developed by the entire class. Affective Physical: Students will create expressive gestures to go with their favorite slang terms.Physical: Students will create expressive gestures to go with their favorite slang terms.Physical

14. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 14 Objectives Benjamin Bloom, identified three domains of educational activities: Cognitive: mental skills (Knowledge)Cognitive: mental skills (Knowledge) Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas (Attitude)Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas (Attitude) Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (Skills)Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (Skills) In other words, domains of human learning are; cognitive (knowing, head),cognitive (knowing, head),cognitive affective (feeling, heart) andaffective (feeling, heart) andaffective psychomotor (doing, hand/body).psychomotor (doing, hand/body).psychomotor

15. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 15 Objectives The resulting efforts yielded a series of taxonomies in each area. A taxonomy is really just a word for a form of classification. Taxonomy deals with the varied aspects of human learning and are arranged hierarchically proceeding from the simplest functions to those that are more complex. Taxonomy deals with the varied aspects of human learning and are arranged hierarchically proceeding from the simplest functions to those that are more complex.

16. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 16 Objectives The Cognitive Domain: In the following table is the taxonomy of cognition. This, entitled Bloom’s, is based on the original work of Benjamin Bloom. This taxonomy is over 50 years old.

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18. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 18 The Affective Domain This area is concerned with feelings or emotions.

19. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 19 The Psychomotor Domain Psychomotor objectives are those specific to discreet physical functions, reflex actions and interpretive movements. Traditionally, these types of objectives are concerned with the physically encoding of information, with movement and/or with activities where the gross and fine muscles are used for expressing or interpreting information or concepts. This area also refers to natural, autonomic responses or reflexes.

20. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 20 The Psychomotor Domain http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html

21. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 21 General Strategies for Teaching IL Ideally students are introduced to information literacy as early as possible during all levels of their formal education, primary, secondary and tertiary In order for information literacy programs to be effective, they must be truly integrated into the core curricula ( IL should be woven into content, structure, and sequence of the curriculum)

22. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 22 General Strategies for Teaching IL Information literacy cannot be the outcome of any one subject. It is the cumulative experience from a range of subjects and learning experiences which creates the information literate person Information literacy is important in all disciplines and at all levels of study. It is best developed within the context of the academic curriculum, rather than as a separate add-on removed from the subject content

23. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 23 General Strategies for Teaching IL It is suggested that students are more likely to recognise the relevance and importance of information literacy if teaching is delivered at the point of need, affiliated with their own subject, and included in assessment

24. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 24 We should remember Curriculum should be developed with curriculum designers, teachers and librarians –Principles, rules and theories on curriculum desing are best known by curriculum designers –Language and conceptual levels of students are best known by teachers –Cooperation in the development of instructional material –Subject matter on IL are best known by librarians

25. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 25 We should remember IL instruction without an assignment does not achieve the purpose Making connections and building up the relations is important

26. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 26 References

27. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop September 3-5 Ankara Turkey 27 Thank you …