1. Introduction to Linguistics Wardani D. W, M.Pd STKIP PGRI JOMBANG

2. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION  A.Definition of Linguistic  B.History of Linguistics 1. Antiquity (Old English) 2. Middle Ages (Middle English) 3. Modern Linguistics (Modern English)

3. A.Definition of Linguistic The scientific study of language and its structure phoneticssyntaxgrammar Linguistics

4. B.History of Linguistics 1. Antiquity (Old English) Before 8 th century disambiguate discourse, ritual texts or in arguments, word meanings are derived from sentential usage.

5. B.History of Linguistics 2. Middle Ages (Middle English) 8 th – 13 th century terms of expanding Islam, ritual texts or in arguments, universal grammar.

6. B.History of Linguistics 3. Modern Linguistics (Modern English) 18th century - present linguistics contains increasing, as the recovery of speech ability, linguistic principles and theories of language teaching and learning.

7. CHAPTER II: The Nature of Language a phenomenon that one may naturally be tempted to explore it further. “What is language”? a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates Bloch and Trager (1942)

8. A symbols is sound ARBITRARY VOCAL SYMBOLS A symbol is a form Phonic mediumGraphic medium SPOKENWRITTEN

9. CHAPTER II: The Nature of Language speech is basic and writing is only secondary Primacy of speech

10. a composite definition of language  Systematic  A Set Of Arbitrary Symbols.  Primarily Vocal, But May Also Be Visual.  Conventionalized Meanings To Which They Refer.  Used For Communication.  Operates In A Speech Community Or Culture.  Essentially Human, Although Possibly Not Limited To Humans.  Acquired By All People In Much The Same Way; Language And Language Learning Both Have Universal Characteristics Brown, H.D. (2000, p. 5)

11. CHAPTER III: The Scope of Linguistic General linguistic concepts and categories of a particular language Micro linguistic Macro linguistic internal view of language itself external view of language itself

12. General linguistic analyzed theory of the language Descriptive linguistic

13. Some fields of micro linguistic Micro linguistic  Phonetics  Phonology  Morphology  Syntax  Semantics  Pragmatics  Discourse analysis  Applied linguistic

14. Some fields of macro linguistic Macro linguistic  Stylistics  Developmental linguistics  Historical or Diachronic linguistics  Language geography  Evolutionary linguistics  Psycholinguistics  Sociolinguistics  Clinical linguistics  Neurolinguistics  Biolinguistics

15. CHAPTER IV: Language Acquisition First language acquisition learning first language or childhood basic physical capability of sending and receiving sounds Second language acquisition learning native language the ability to learn more than one language