1. Roger A Rosenblatt February 12, 2004 Environmental Health and the Health Professional Ecological Change and Human Health

2. The first step: Making the diagnosis

4. The Pathophysiology of the Global Health Crisis Fever - Global Warming Asthma - Environmental Degradation Alopecia - Deforestation Thrush - Loss of Biodiversity Scabies - Overpopulation

5. Symptom: Fever Diagnosis: Global Warming

6. Global Warming - 1860-2000

8. World Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuel Burning, by Economic Region, 1950-94 Developing Countries Former Eastern Bloc Industrial Countries

9. Global Climate Change: The Impact on Human Health ` Malaria, dengue fever, equine encephalitis, West Nile virus Direct Effects: – Lethal heat waves – Potential extreme weather events – e.g. hurricanes Indirect Effects: – Increase in air pollution and respiratory disease – Greater growth & dispersion of fungal spores – allergies – Rising sea levels Diseases that may become more common: – – Lyme disease, hantavirus, – Cholera,Cryptosporodiosis

10. Symptom: Asthma Diagnosis: Air Pollution

15. Symptom: Alopecia Diagnosis: Deforestation

16. Deforestation Example

17. Symptom: Thrush Diagnosis: Loss of Biodiversity

18. Extinctions of birds and animals 1600 to present( Audubon society, 1998 )

19. Mass Extinctions: Loss of Biodiversity

20. The Sixth Extinction Human-caused Proceeding extremely rapidly We have lost about 20% of species that existed in the year 1800 We will probably lose 25-50% of remaining species in the next century

21. Symptom: Scabies Diagnosis: Overpopulation

22. World Population Growth You Are Here (gradual economic decline) overpopulation begins (unsustainability) massive environmental destruction and loss of species beings

23. World Population Milestones 1 billion in 1804 2 billion in 1927 (123 years later) 3 billion in 1960 (33 years later) 4 billion in 1974 (14 years later) 5 billion in 1987 (13 years later) 6 billion in 1998 (11 years later)

25. There Is a Strong Association Between Mother’s Age at First Birth and Subsequent Poverty

27. E = MC 2 or Environmental Impact = M(Population) x C(Consumption) squared

28. What can we do? Adopt an ecological perspective Reduce unwanted pregnancies in our communities Promote sustainable economic development Preserve natural habitat and the species that depend on them Include these issues in our academic and clinical work

29. Adopting a Broader Perspective in Public Health The Biological Approach The Biopsychosocial context The Ecobiopsychosocial imperative

30. Most Pregnancies Are Unintended 20% 8% 29% 43% mistimed pregnancies resulting in live births unwanted pregnancies resulting in live births unwanted and mistimed pregnancies ending in abortion intended pregnancies resulting in live births

31. Slowing Population Growth by Meeting Family Planning Needs, 1950-2100 if no family planning programs if family planning programs continue at 1980-85 level if all unwanted births are avoided

32. Sustainable Economic Development: Some roles for the health professional Use resources in a sustainable manner Avoid polluting our natural resources Address occupational and environmental diseases Serve as role models for those who follow

33. Preserve Natural Habitats Create parks and ecological reserves Safeguard rare and endangered species Protect and create forests Support ecological restoration efforts

34. Next Steps Work to broaden the curriculum Respond to NIH’s Road-Map Initiative Work with other complementary groups on campus Think about how a new discipline of Population and Ecosystem Health might evolve