1. For Sale: smart, obedient, happy, tall, healthy, studious, helpful, and quiet children. Act now and receive a free glow in the dark plant

2. DNA fingerprinting using RFLPs

3. Visualizing differences in DNA sequence by using restriction enzymes Sequence 1 Sequence 2

4. Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences

5. Examples of some restriction enzymes…

6. Visualizing differences in DNA sequence by using restriction enzymes Sequence 1 Sequence 2

7. Separating DNA on a gel by size

8. Gel electrophoresis

9. The different sized bands can arise from different cut sites and/or different number of nucleotides between the cut sites. Sequence 1 Sequence 2

10. DNA fingerprinting

13. Computerized DNA sequencing is now inexpensive and fast

14. Hunter- Gatherer Agricultural Industrial

15. Genetic Engineering: Direct manipulation of DNA Fig 20.2

16. We can now insert new genes or modify existing genes of organisms

17. CB 20.22 In humans, viruses are used to insert DNA into cells gene

18. clip 1: the technology of collecting DNA GATTACA 0:00:45-0:03:40

19. DNA can only be obtained from living cells. No DNA DNA in hair root

20. From “Biology” N. Campbell et al (2005) Benjamin Cummings fig 43.2 dead cells… no DNA

21. From “Biology” N. Campbell et al (2005) Benjamin Cummings fig 42.13 Red blood cells do not have DNA, but white blood cells do.

22. clip 2: choosing your child GATTACA 0:11:00-0:12:35

23. Humans have: ~25,000 genes in our genome spread out over 3 billion nucleotides… which produce ~85,000 unique proteins

24. Humans have: ~25,000 genes in our genome spread out over 3 billion nucleotides… which produce ~85,000 unique proteins With so many genes, there is almost no probability of finding an embryo with "no major problems"?

25. How close are we to picking our offspring? Karyomapping is a new technique developed at a British fertility clinic can test for 15,000 known genetic disorders. It takes DNA from 8-day-old in vitro fertilized embryos as well as from the parents and possibly other relatives. The test costs ~$2,300. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7688299.stm

26. How close are we to picking our offspring? “…the test could also be used, more controversially, to detect a genetic profile which showed a susceptibility to conditions such as heart disease or cancer.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7688299.stm

27. clip 3: the decreasing cost of genome sequencing GATTACA 0:37:17-0:38:50

28. The material costs to sequence a complete human genome are approaching ~$1,000 at a consumer cost of ~$5,000 2001 2011 http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081006/full/news.2008.1151.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/news/2008/081006/full/news.2008.1151.html and http://www.frontsidebus.net/2011/03/costs-of-dna-sequencing-falling-fast-%E2%80%93-look-at-these-graphs/ http://www.frontsidebus.net/2011/03/costs-of-dna-sequencing-falling-fast-%E2%80%93-look-at-these-graphs/

29. clip 4: does technology make us safer? GATTACA 0:23:30-0:24:50

30. HT: 2-02 HAIR: GLD EYES: BRN SEX: F ID: We already use some of these techniques indirectly… Biometrics US-VISIT requires biometric data for most foreign visitors to U.S. This data is compared to a database of known criminals.

31. “Targeting badly behaved Britons: Mall bans 'hoodies' in latest effort to curb yob culture” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7897532/ Photo: Geoff Caddick / EPA via Sipa Press Are hoodies a response to increased surveillance?

32. clip 5: who watches the watcher? GATTACA 1:37:37-1:39:50

33. A first-class traveler cleared security with a phony Twin Cities-to-Washington boarding pass for Northwest Airlines, no photo identification and wearing an Osama bin Laden T-shirt under his coat as part of a test of airport security in this post-9/11 world. http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/travel/minnesota/31275879.html The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse reports 245 million sensitive records have been breached since Jan. 2005 http://www.privacyrights.org/ar/ChronDataBreaches.htm#CP Security breaches are common…

34. clip 6: genetic diversity GATTACA 1:04:00-1:05:33

35. A species survival depends on maintaining genetic diversity: Extinction Vortex From “Biology” N. Campbell et al (2005) Benjamin Cummings fig 55.9

36. Attwater Prairie Chicken As the population declined, genetic diversity declined From “Biology” N. Campbell et al (2005) Benjamin Cummings fig 55.10

37. Attwater Prairie Chicken Individuals brought from other populations increased reproduction and population by increasing genetic diversity. From “Biology” N. Campbell et al (2005) Benjamin Cummings fig 55.10

38. clip 7: the interview GATTACA 0:31:35-0:32:13

39. What type of criteria are acceptable for employment or admissions decisions? IQ, SAT, MCAT, grades, extracurricular activities, drug tests, letters of recommendation, personal interview, essays… http://xkcd.com

40. clip 8: picking the best or making improvements? GATTACA 0:58:13-0:59:19

41. When does picking the ‘best’ become choosing traits? Sex ratio in China, est. 2008 at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female Compare to U.S. at birth 1.05 male(s)/female http://www.indexmundi.com/china/demographics_profile.html

42. When does picking the ‘best’ become choosing traits? What ‘abnormality’ might a parent choose? One study found that each inch above average may be worth $789 more in salary per year. Journal of Applied Psychology T. Judge and D. Cable (Vol. 89, No. 3).

43. clip 9: how perfect is perfect? GATTACA 0:49:18-0:50:42

44. If everyone has faults, what faults are focused on as ‘critical’ and what faults are overlooked?

45. clip 10: unleashing technology GATTACA 0:15:45-0:16:38 Then 0:18:46-0:19:45

46. How do we rein in technology once it is unleashed?

47. Global area planted with GM crops http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html And http://www.monsanto.com.au/_images/global_area_chart.gif Texas=70h a How do we rein in technology once it is unleashed?

48. clip 11: Fate GATTACA 1:40:51- 1:42:40

49. How do fate, serendipity, and luck affect our lives?

50. For Sale: smart, obedient, happy, tall, healthy, studious, helpful, and quiet children. Act now and receive a glow in the dark plant Exam #3 in-class Optional Final Exam