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Published byGabriella Gray Modified over 9 years ago
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Matthew Stangel
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What is Six Sigma? Engineering process Not specific to software Designed to keep defects at a minimum Named for the goal of minimum six standard deviations between mean and nearest specification limit Equates to 3.4 defects per million opportunities
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Key Terms Defect – any kind of undesired result, including failure to meet customer requirements Opportunity – anywhere a defect could be produced Standard Deviation – a measurement of spread for data Square root of the variance for a set of data
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What is Six Sigma? – Why 6?
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Other Sigmas
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History Created in the late 1980’s by Motorola Proposed by Bill Smith in 1986 Adopted by Motorola CEO in 1987 Soon adapted by other companies Introduced to General Electric in 1995 Introduced to Honeywell in 1998 Introduced to Ford in 2000
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How Six Sigma is Used Not a process Used to improve other processes Two types DMAIC – Used to improve existing processes DMADV – Used to improve a process being created
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DMAIC “Solving a problem with an unknown solution” Define Measure Analyze Improve Control
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DMAIC - Define Identify the project based on objectives Determine the aspects that are “critical to quality” Define the scope of the project Define what is considered a defect
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DMAIC - Measure Determine how to measure the problem Create metrics to measure defects Input, output, and process are identified Determine how the inputs affect critical processes ○ Determine what would happen if things go wrong
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DMAIC - Measure
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DMAIC - Analyze Determine the causes of the problem in the process that needs improvement Determine how to fix the problem in order to achieve the desired results ○ Done by determining what places are most likely to cause problems
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DMAIC - Improve Find ways to improve the process Determine what happens if the improvements are not made or take too long
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DMAIC - Control Implement results of the last four phases Monitor the changes made Ensure that the changes made had the desired impact
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DMAIC Example http://www.6sigma.us/SixSigmaProject.h tml http://www.6sigma.us/SixSigmaProject.h tml
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DMADV Also called DFSS (Design For Six Sigma) Used when creating a new process Define Measure Analyze Design Verify
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DMADV – Define, Measure, and Analyze Define - Same as DMAIC Only step identical in both processes Measure - similar to DMAIC Measure Instead of measuring the current process, measure customer specifications Analyze – similar to DMAIC Analyze Analyze options rather than defects
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DMADV – Design and Verify Design – Design the process to meet customer needs Verify – Verify that the process meets customer needs
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Learning Six Sigma “Belt” system of proficiency Yellow Belt – uses Six Sigma, but is not trained Green Belt – proficient with Six Sigma, has some training Black Belt – highly proficient with Six Sigma, has received extensive training Master Black Belt – devoted to Six Sigma work, trains other black belts
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Learning Six Sigma - Costs Green belt – approximately $3500 to certify Black Belt – an additional approximately $4000 to certify Master Black Belt – an additional approximately $5000 to certify
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Benefits of Six Sigma “It has been estimated that less than Six Sigma quality, i.e., the three-to-four Sigma levels that are average for most U.S. companies, can cost a company as much as 10-15% of its revenues.” -1996 GE annual report Estimated $11.2-16.7 billion worth of savings for GE in 2001
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Criticisms Unoriginal New jargon for basic quality process Arbitrary standards 3.4 defects per million opportunities ○ Always applicable? 1.5 sigma shift ○ After shift, still six sigma?
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Criticisms
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“Belt” system Large investment - approximately $7500 per black belt, $3500 per green belt Belt training industry ○ Process hyped up by people who want money to train belts
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Criticisms Narrow application Can improve processes, but is not good at making new ones Can’t guarantee improvement ○ Ford showed no noticeable improvement
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References Adams, Cary W.; Gupta, Praveen (2003). “Six Sigma Deployment”. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ideal Meadia LLC. i Six Sigma. Retrieved 1/17/2010. http://www.isixsigma.com/
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References Peterka, Peter. 2007. “The DMAIC Method in Six Sigma”. Retrieved 1/17/2010. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/10-24- 2005-79640.asp Huesing, Tina. “Six Sigma Through The Years”. Motorola, 2008. Retrieved 1/17/2010. http://6sigmaexperts.com/presentations /Six_Sigma_Through_the_Years.pdf
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References Peterka, Peter; Weed, Dr. Harrison; Wexler, Joseph; Jackson, Jeffery. Six Sigma us. Retrieved 1/17/2010. http://www.6sigma.us/six-sigma.php
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