1. THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Presenter: Miss T. Johnson
Grade: 8

2. The early years

3. The Abacus The first counting device
Has no definite inventor but it’s creation was largely influenced by the Chinese and Romans
Based on a place-value system where the place of a bead or rock determined how much it was worth

4. The Abacus

5. The Pascaline
Created by French mathematician and philosopher, Blaise Pascal
Was the first mechanical digital calculator
Could perform only addition and subtraction on whole numbers

6. The Pascaline

7. Jacquard’s Loom Created by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801
Used punched cards
Punched card: a card in which holes are punched in designated positions to represent data — called also Hollerith card
View in action

8. Jacquard’s Loom

9. Charles Babbage Called the “father of the computer”
Designed two machines: the
Difference Engine
Designed to be steam powered and fully automatic
Analytical Engine
Was not able to build his machines as the technology was not yet available

10. Charles Babbage
Difference Engine
Analytical Engine

11. Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine
Invented by Dr. Herman Hollerith
Used punched cards
Was used to compile data for the US census of 1980

12. Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

13. Generations of the computer

14. Generations of the Computer
Classified into five categories
Characterized by the type of electrical component/technology used to build the computer

15. First Generation 1945-1956 Very large Vacuum tube Time period Size
Technology
Very large
Vacuum tube

16. First Generation
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

17. Second Generation 1956-1963 Large ; smaller than first generation
Time period
Size
Technology
Large ; smaller than first generation
Transistor

18. Second Generation
IBM 7094

19. Third Generation 1964-1970 smaller than second generation
Time period
Size
Technology
smaller than second generation
integrated circuit (IC) or chip

20. Third Generation
IBM 370

21. Fourth Generation 1971-present Small Portable
Time period
Size
Technology
1971-present
Small
Portable
integrated circuit (IC) or chip
LSI
ULSI

22. Fourth Generation

23. Fifth Generation
Any ideas???

24. Fifth Generation
Artificial intelligence – computers mimicking human beings
Greater development of:
Robotics
Voice recognition

25. Summary – History of Computers
Invention
Inventor
Abacus
Creation influenced by ancient civilization (Chinese, Romans, Egyptians and others).
Pascaline
Blaise Pascal
Jacquard’s Loom
Joseph Marie Jacquard
Tabulating machine
Herman Hollerith
Analytical Engine Difference Engine
Charles Babbage
Adapted from History of Computers presentation by Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor (2014)

26. Summary – Generations of Computers
First Generation
( )
Second Generation
( )
Third Generation
( )
Fourth Generation
(1971- present)
Vacuum Tubes
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Microprocessors
Big and Clumsy
High electricity consumption
Larger AC units were needed
Lot of electricity failure occurred.
Smaller transistors were used
Core memory was developed.
Faster than first generation computers
Integrated circuits developed
Power consumption was low.
100 times faster than the second generation
Development of portable computers
Floppy disks, optical disks then flash memory became the popular storage media
Adapted from History of Computers presentation by Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor (2014)

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