1. Module: Basic terms and conceptual delimitations on European and national democratic governance (part 1) Lecturer: Rafal Czachor (Lower Silesian University of Entrepreneurship and Technology, Poland)

2. Theoretical part: -changing role of the state -contemporary democracy and its ancient roots -what is a liberal democracy and how does it work -the idea of governance -the EU institutions: facing new challenges Practical part (tasks for students): -group work & brainstorming

3. STATE -one of basic form of social organization: most people are citizens of some state all of us are living on the territory that belongs to some state -state has changed during ages: it has developed its institutions but fundamental characteristics and functions are essentially the same.

4. STATE main characteristics of the state: -clearly defined territory; -effective government; -population subsidiary chracteristics: -international recognition; -perpetual succession of rulers; -universality of rules; -the right to use force and coercion against members

5. STATE Functions of the state, spheres of state’s activity -legislature (producing law) -administrative (executing law) -providing public goods and services -developing business strength -developing culture, education -order (control over society)

6. STATE Main features of the state are shaped by: -historical experience -tradition and local culture -efficiency of the political system The state and its all characteristics are a result of social activity – it depends on the society, how does the state work Social system Political system

7. STATES BY HUMAN 1.Norway 0.955 2.Australia 0.938 3.United States 0.937 4.Netherlands 0.921 5.Germany 0.920 6.New Zealand 0.919 7.Ireland 0.916 8.Sweden 0.916 9.Switzerland 0.913 DEVELOPMENT INDEX 186. Niger 0.304 186. DR of the Congo 0.304 185. Mocambique 0.327 184. Chad 0.304 183. Burkina Faso 0.343 182. Mali 0.344 181. Eritrea 0.351 180.Central African Rep 0.352 179. Guinea 0.355

9. DEMOCRACY 1990’s: belief that democracy is winning (Samuel Huntington’s Third wave of democratization) 2000’s: failure of full democratization in various parts of the world leads to conclusion that establishing new political system depends on many factors: -historical experience of democracy -tradition and local political culture -efficiency of the former political system

10. DEMOCRACY Only 11% of World’s population live in full democracies More than 50% of World’s population live in hybrid and authoritarian regimes Full democracies Flawed democracies Hybrid regimes Authoritarian regimes

11. DEMOCRACY Full democracy Flawed democracy Democracies with adjectives (sovereign democracy, managed democracy) Gray zone of democracy Hybrid regime (combines elements of democracy and non- democratic regimes) Where to seek the patterns of democracy?

12. DEMOCRACY Origins of the term: Δ ῆ μος (people) + κράτος (power) = δημοκρατία (rule of the people) Ancient Greece: city-states -small territory, small population size -limited citizenship -slavery -direct form of participation

13. DEMOCRACY Nowadays: -mechanism of political choice -balanced power structure (separations of powers: legislature, executive, judicary) -a stable political system Liberal democracy – what does it mean?

14. DEMOCRACY The success of the Western model of political system is bound up with: -freedom of political choice -freedom of economical choice There is a close tie between conditions of economic activity and political freedom The linearity theory: economic development leads to urbanization which leads to communication which leads to high levels of education and in turn leads to democracy.

15. DEMOCRACY Bertelsmann Index of Transformation

17. DEMOCRACY Liberal democracy – consequences: -limited sovereignty of the state’s institutions -international dependence -vulnerability to the influence of corporations and big companies

18. DEMOCRACY The World’s Biggest Companies by Assets (Forbes, May 2013) 1. Fannie Mae 3226 B USD 2. ICBC 2813 B USD 3. HSBC Holdings 2684 B USD Countries by GDP - purchasing power parity (CIA, 2012) 1. USA 15660 B USD 2. EU 15630 B USD 7. Brazil 2362 B USD 79. Croatia 79 B USD

19. GOVERNANCE Governance as well as government date back to 14th-15th century and are derrived from French Meanings of government and governance were very close: -government meant state bodies -govenance meant the process of governing The oil crisis and ‘the third wave of democratization’ changed the usage of this term.

20. GOVERNANCE Nowadays, governance means the process and manner of governing based on mutual partnerships intended to archieve political order Governance is more effective and more democratic: the asymmetrical top-down model of government was shifted by horizontal interactions and networking.

21. GOVERNANCE

22. -the outputs of government and govenance are the same -the discussion on govenance does not bring new issues but shows the new approach: governance refers to state institutions and non-government participants (local self-government, industry, NGO’s) governance means democratic engagement of the society – administration is engaging civic society and sharing responsibility non-government participants beeing significant political actors are obliged to cooperate, act collective

23. GOVERNANCE governance leads to autonomous self-governing networks of actors: they are controlling each other more effective than government-imposed regulations the activity of administration should be more effecitve and under society’s control Conception of good governance by the World Bank: ‘good governance’ agenda is concerned with the relationship between the state, the market, and civil society. The Bank argues that in order to be effective, the state have to play a critical role in managing and regulating the market and civil society.

24. GOVERNANCE good governance’ is a‘the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development’ -institutional reforms -market support institutions -anticorruption measures -decentralization

25. EU INSTITUTIONS After WWII western European countries were playing minor role in the international relations Thanks to overcoming politcal conflicts and starting close economic cooperation, Europe (the EU) returned into world politics as a strong actor Contemporary EU is an survivor of former integration structures known as European Communities: European Coal and Steel Community, European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community.

26. EU INSTITUTIONS Source: commons.wikimedia.org

27. EU INSTITUTIONS Since 80’s there were many factors that made functional integration progessive: -rapid economic growth in Western Europe; -the spillover effect: integration in economy encouraged similar processes in political sector -enmeshing of the activities of variuosu institutions in participating states -development of common institutions

28. Source: commons.wikimedia.org

29. EU INSTITUTIONS Institutions

30. EU INSTITUTIONS Problems of the EU institutions -EU bureaucracy is overdeveloped -competencies of the EU and member states are overlapping -European identity is still weak (especially in crisis times) As a result: EU is getting stuck in crisis

31. EU INSTITUTIONS Source: www.datamarket.com

32. EU INSTITUTIONS How to reform the EU institutions? Source: www.warszawa.naszemiasto.pl

33. EU INSTITUTIONS How to reform the EU institutions? Source: www.warszawa.naszemiasto.pl

34. EU INSTITUTIONS How to reform the EU institutions? Source: www.warszawa.naszemiasto.pl

35. DEBATING ISSUES: -does the liberal democracy meet expectations of ordinary people? -what is the role of the Internet in democracy? - what are the examples of governanace at local level?

36. GROUP ACTIVITIES: -what is the influence of globalization on national states? -will ‘the end of history’ really happen? What are prospects for democracy in next 20-30 years?